Girl with a Pearl Earing Essay

Those who don’t have power seek to gain power through others Griet gains power through Vermer in the household and through his death when she receives earrings over Catherina†¦and through Pieter when she marries him Frans gains power over his own life when he runs away Catherina in having children gets power Van Ruven maintains power over family and Griet – painting only Catherina loses power over Griet as Vermer constantly chooses to support Griet. Vermer loses power over Griet and his household because of money and Griet Tanneke loses power when Griet comes and takes her place Van Ruven loses power over Griet Griet gains power for her life but she does not have the power to make the decisions she truly wants to. Agnes loses her sister to the family Chevalier is trying to say: There is no such thing as completely powerful or powerless in the novel, sometimes power requires action and some conforming to society’s actions and expectations, with intelligence comes power, manipulation can bring power, status gives inherent power. Themed base: Power is gained through status Power is gained through manipulation Power is gained through intelligence Character based: Griet Catherina Tanneke 2. Conflict between responsibilities and desires Vermer – To be responsible for being a loving husband and provide for the family but he just wants to be with Griet and paint. Needs to keep Van Ruven happy but doesn’t wasn’t to lose Griet. Griet – Supposed to be a maid but wants to be free to be with Vermer and to help him paint, marry Pieter and provide for her family but wants to be free of male dominance and make her own decisions. (Wants to be her own person – paying the price of being maid-earrings). Hair – supposed to be a good girl but doesn’t want to be. Frans – The mini story of Griet used as a foreshadowing technique (same conflicts) Catherina – Wants to be rich, surrounded by people and loved but is supposed to be a good wife and mother. 3. A maid came free Find three parts that state – Discus it (why Chevalier included it and what she wants the audience/reader to take from it)

Labor Negotiations Essay

Many times, the process of collective bargaining agreement (CBA) negotiations is referred to as being â€Å"an art†. Although it is guided by various labor laws and there are multitudes of theories that claim to have established best practices in the field, every negotiation simply has too many unique variables to consider to ever be approached as anything more than an art. Even in the short span in which new negotiations are required to reach an updated contract, too many changing factors on both sides of the table are apt to make the extrapolation of one bargaining scenario to the next inefficient and ineffective. There is no â€Å"one-size-fits all† approach. What worked best in one instance could potentially fail with dire consequences in another. To attempt to define, or even identify a structured component to the process would be futile. People, personalities, economics, demographics, policy and law are not static, nor are needs, wants, concepts, trends or priorities. Deception and intimidation during negotiations is commonplace, and unfortunately sometimes holds more relevancy than fact. For these reasons,  it is important for labor negotiators to be able to anticipate the worst, but hope to ultimately achieve a best case scenario. The final, ratified contract is applied to both parties, and hopefully in the end, it represents what is best for all involved. There are many potential stakeholders depending on the industry, but in the case of the community of Pleasant Ridge, it is the students and that ultimately have the most to lose. This can easily be forgotten when bargaining teams’ self-interests take hold. Deciding on the appropriate bargaining techniques and strategies requires a very well-thought out, careful approach. Whatever approach is used has to take into account the past, current and future needs of both parties, and has to be based on an accurate analysis of external and internal data, as well as political considerations. Successful negotiators must be adaptable and flexible in their thought processes and behaviors, and must be willing to compromise as situational needs dictate. As several different personality types compete and interact, even within the confines of one bargaining team, negotiations can be a very daunting process. All of this is important to keep in mind as we examine and analyze the case of the community of Pleasant Ridge. Bargaining Strategy A bargaining strategy should only be determined once all of the relevant, factual information has been reviewed. That is not to say a strategy cannot be changed depending on circumstances once negotiations begin, but it is useful to set the tone for negotiations and help insure a mutually understood strategic concept among bargaining team members. Recent labor relations practice has moved away from traditional adversarial bargaining, or â€Å"zero-sum† bargaining, and has focused more on interest-based bargaining, or â€Å"win-win† bargaining. According to Cutcher-Gershenfield, â€Å"A close look at the interest-based experiments in labor relations reveals that adversarial institutional patterns have often been rejected in favor of more collaborative, problem-solving techniques without a full appreciation of the underlying reasons for the establishment of the original institutional patterns.† (1996, 323). In theory, winning with interest-based bargaining is presu med to be agreement of the parties to a ratified contract that both can live with (Kearney, 209, 134); not â€Å"winning† in the sense that one party  ultimately prevails over the other on any particular issue. In the case of Pleasant Ridge, there is no single reason to preclude interest-based bargaining as an effective strategy. As the Pleasant Ridge Board of Education (Board) and the Pleasant Ridge Classroom Teachers Association (PRCTA) commence negotiations over a new CBA, it is important to note that both parties are in a relatively good position. From a fiscal standpoint, the school is doing well. Student enrollment is increasing, local property revenues are increasing and State Revenues are expected to increase for the upcoming school year. While none of these items are guaranteed, barring any unexpected national, state or local political catastrophes, short-term projections should remain fairly accurate and consistent. This may place the Board at a slight disadvantage during negotiations when considering ability to pay, especially considering the PRCTA memberships’ apparent adversarial position. It serves to underscore the importance of the Board to sincerely attempt to negotiate a finalized contract during the first steps of the process. In comparing wages, hours and working conditions, the PRC TA is not far off when it is reviewed against comparable teachers’ unions. Even when considering labor markets that are competitive in the long run, however, the over-all analysis should include information about employer attributes because labor markets do not adjust instantaneously (Eberts and Stone, 1985, 274). The consequences of ignoring district-specific information are potentially serious, according to Eberts and Stone (1985, 274). To push an employer into economic oblivion as the result of unrealistic contract demands could have disastrous consequences for all involved. While the memberships’ concerns are very important, they must keep in mind their best interests in finalizing a contract with few to no concessions quickly. It is up to the PRCTA to educate their members on the long term affects their present actions may have. Additionally, in a world of economic uncertainty and increasing demand for education reform, the PRCTA is better suited to act quickly so that public sentiment and political forces have less likelihood of effecting policy change before they have a ratified contract. A ratified contract provides strong protections for union members against ever-changing political forces. Bargaining Position of the Board Labor negotiations can be a strategic nightmare fraught with competing priorities and concerns from every affected player. For the community of Pleasant Ridge, the primary considerations of the Board and the PRCTA during negotiations will predominantly revolve around advancing self-interests, whether they impact external stakeholders or not. That is an almost inherent aspect of the process. Public and political sentiment may or may not be secondarily considered, and will certainly be impacted, but those concerns typically do not guide the negotiations process. Kerchner and Koppich argue in their article, Negotiating What Matters Most: Collective Bargaining and Student Achievement, â€Å"that it is in the public interest for teacher unions and school districts to negotiate student achievement goals even though neither may want to do so.† (2007). While morally laudable, realistically this will most likely never happen outside of the legal environment, and is way beyond the scope of this analysis. Contract length could be the most important protection the Board could achieve. A two year contract would be very beneficial for the Board, because it removes the dangers of making accurate financial projections too far in the future. It would also allow the Board more flexibility in bargaining positions that are tied to economics because they would not be invested in a lengthy contract should political or economic factors significantly change. Aside from a two year contract, the Board should support a 3% raise the first year of the contract, and a 3% raise the second year, conditioned on the promise of the PRCTA memberships’ public support for the upcoming millage. This would get the PRCTA membership very close, if not above, a competitive market salary within their own comparable communities at a relatively quick rate, while bolstering the financial position of the Board to be able to implement future contractual raises should the millage be approved. Additionally, the Board will not incur all of the increased costs of implementing the salary increases all in one year, making it more palatable for the school district in general, while not simultaneously rendering the budget unsustainable. The Board should also support agreement to grant tenure in the 3rd year on the condition of the elimination of the one year wage payout provision. Not only does this achieve comparability within the comparable community context, it serves as a huge future economic win for the Board. In the event layoffs become necessary, the burden of paying out a years’ salary to  any tenured teachers would be an undeniable savings should the school district experience tough economic times. Since decreasing the class size to 25 would increase the number of teachers required, it would be more fiscally responsible for the board to leave this item status quo. The Board could add an amendment allowing for the hiring of teacher’s aides should the classroom population exceed 25, but it shouldn’t be an initial position. If push comes to shove and this single item becomes a deal-breaker, the Board and the PRCTA could revisit the issue at 27 students, as long as an agreement could be achieved with a provision requiring no additional teachers or classroom space.   There is no guarantee that the student population will continue to increase, so agreeing to this item could have unintended financial consequences later. It is never outside the realm of reality that one teacher’s salary could mean the difference between balancing and not balancing the budget. Reasonable Settlement for the Union In determining the reasonableness of a settlement for the PRCTA, several factors should be considered. Typically, wages are at the forefront of union demands, and the fact that the Board is willing to raise salaries to levels above the comparable communities the PRCTA selected should speak volumes. That alone may be enough to achieve ratification. In addition, the PRCTA needs to consider the effects of having an arbitrator decide their fate. If the Board is being reasonable in their proposal, there is no reason to chance the final decisions in the hands of an individual who may or may not agree with position of the PRCTA. The Board has not requested concessions, comparable wages have been offered, and other positions lean toward the comparable communities of the union. In a fact-finding or arbitration scenario, the Board would undoubtedly be able to find comparable communities supporting their position. According to Crawford, final offer arbitration’s distinguishing feature is that it threatens bargainers with a settlement determined by the relative desirability to the arbitrator of their final offers. This creates incentives for bargainers to move their final offers closer to what they think the arbitrator wants, even if they are uncertain of his wishes (1981, 207). In the Pleasant Ridge scenario, the position of the Board is more than reasonable, and should ultimately be accepted as such by the PRCTA, rather than advancing to fact-finding or final offer  arbitration. Fact-Finding â€Å"The consequences of impasse are evident in the amount of private and public resources spent on civil litigation, the costs of labor unrest, the psychic and pecuniary wounds of domestic strife, and in clashes among religious, ethnic and regional groups.† (Babcock, Lowesenstein, 1997, 326) Should the parties reach impasse and the matter be referred to fact-finding, the Fact-Finder should make a recommendation based on the school district’s current and projected future financial position (ability to pay), the current political environment as far as public education policy is concerned, and to a lesser extent, should consider the proposals in comparison to those of comparable communities. In making a settlement recommendation, the Fact-Finder should find the initial position of the Board to be quite consistent with that of the PRCTA, as well as quite generous and reasonable. It is almost certain that a Fact-Finder would agree with the Board’s position on wages and tenure. It is reasonable to think that he or she would agree on tenure, but possibly decrease rather than eliminate the year of salary payout, unless they considered a layoff situation a financial hardship. If the Board could successfully present that as a business case, a Fact-Finder may agree. With regard to class size, a three to five student decrease should not present a significant enough business case to cause the school district to absorb an increase in additional teaching salaries and roll-up costs. A Fact-Finder should support that item as remaining status-quo. Final Offer Arbitration The board would undoubtedly have to go to arbitration to remove the politics of implementing a contract from their hands should the parties not be able to reach a settlement. With two of the board members being labor union members, and three endorsed by the Pleasant Ridge Central Labor Union (PRCLU), not going to arbitration would be political suicide. As demonstrated in previous board elections, two members lost to candidates who were endorsed by the PRCLU, showing the strength that the PRCLU exhibits. Having a neutral party force a contract on both sides would be the only political out the Board members would have. In a final offer settlement package, it is of the utmost importance that both parties consider the most  desirable benefits that could be achieved, and tailor the final offer package around those. Prioritization of issues is significant, as well as is reasonableness. In the final offer package, it would be incumbent on the Board to submit lower contractual wage increases, potentially to 2% each year of a two-year contract, with class size and tenure remaining status quo, with the elimination of the one-year wage payout provision. For the PRCTA, it would be beneficial to package a deal containing a 5 year contract with 2% wage increases for each year of the contract. Considering they really have nothing to lose since concessions aren’t being considered, they should also incorporate the decreased class size of 25 students, and tenure to reflect the 3 year comparable. Even if the arbitrator sides with the Board, the PRCTA hasn’t lost anything besides the one-year payout provision. Likely, that is something that will affect very few of the current members. REFERENCES Babcock, L., & Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining bargaining impasse: The role of self-serving biases. Advances in behavioral economics, 326. Crawford, V.P. (1981), Arbitration and Conflict Resolution in Labor-Management Bargaining. The American Economic Review. 71(2). Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. 205-210. Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J. (1996). Bargaining Over How to Bargain in Labor-Management Negotiations. Negotiation Journal, 10(4), 323-335. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1994.tb00032.x/abstract. Eberts, R.W. and Stone, J.A. (1985), Wages, Fringe Benefits, and Working Conditions: An Analysis of Compensating Differentials. Southern Economic Journal. 52(1). 274-280. Kearney, R.C., Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. 381. Kerchner, C.T. and Koppich, J.E. (2007). Negotiating What Matters Most: Collective Bargaining and Student Achievement. A merican Journal of Education. 113(3). 349-365. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/512736. Walton, R. E. (1994). Strategic negotiations: A theory of change in labor-management relations. Harvard Business Press.

How far does Source A prove that Haig did not care about the lives of his men?

Source A is a piece of text written by Haig just before the battle of the Somme (July 1916 to Nov 1916), It explains that in Haig's opinion the nation has to accept the losses of warfare. He believes that however well an army is trained and led they will have to bear sacrifices. This is true but not to the extent of the Somme where the allies alone lost a massive 620,000 men. Haig wrote this extract a month before the first attack suggesting that he knew there was going to be a large amount casualties. This also implies that he hadn't made much of an effort to change the tactics and save the lives of men but lazily chose to prepare the nation of heavy losses. In this extract, a stubborn side of Haig has been unleashed with his mind concentrating only on the victory of the battle, no matter what the costs. For example Haig states † a nation must be taught to bear losses† and â€Å"no of skill will enable amount of victories to be won, without the sacrifice of men's lives† giving us the impression that his determination for victory would stop at nothing. Before arriving at a conclusion to this question, we must consider Haig's background as well as his current position. Sir Douglas Haig had had a long military career fighting in many battles and wars including the Boer War where he had served in the Cavalry. During his 40-year career he had lost many comrades and it is probable that certain toughness will grow inside him and he will learn to forget about the sadness of death. We must also remember that Haig is the General of the Allied Forces, he will want to be portrayed as a tough man ready to take tough decisions. We also know Haig is a religious man. Would a religious man send a man to his death without caring? In the end I think ‘care' is too strong a word. From the evidence above I conclude that Haig sent men to their deaths, because he personally and honestly believed himself to be doing the right thing to succeed in victory. Haig did care, but he was an old fashion general using old fashion method to succeed in a modern war. Study Sources B & C: Which one of these sources do you trust more? Sources B and C are both brief extracts from accounts of the battle of the Somme. Haig wrote source B on the day before and during the first attack. He states â€Å"the men are in splendid spirits† and we wonder how men could be in such â€Å"splendid spirits† when they are living lives in a trench, probably suffering from trench foot and feeling homesick. This makes us wonder if Haig has actually visited the men in the front line, because he will find that the â€Å"spirits† of his troops are not as â€Å"splendid† as he described. Also when Haig states â€Å"the barbed wire has never been cut so well† we know that from Private George Coppard (Source C) account that the barbed wire was one of the main reasons for such a high casualty list on the first day, if anything the wire as a result if the bombardment, was â€Å"in a worse tangle than before†. Haig's statements are hugely contradicted by Coppard whose attitude towards the Generals â€Å"who told them that the artillery fire would pound such wire to pieces† suggests to us that the morale of the men was not as high as Haig had expected. The phrase also tells us that the wire was not cut to allow troops the break through to the German line. This is enough for us to question the reliability of Source B. However, if Source B is unreliable, the question must then be asked why would a top British General make such statements. The reasons could be many, amongst which one could include that Haig could have been poorly informed, for political reasons, or simply to keep morale up both at home and on the front. There are also many reasons why Source B is not accurate; amongst the most important evidence are the many eyewitness accounts and the simple fact that the British Army suffered more than half million casualties throughout the battle. It could be argued that Coppard's interview is the experience of one man through out the 15-mile line of the Somme. However, whereas Haig would gain credibility and keep his job by lying, it is unlikely that Coppard would want to tarnish the memories of his late comrades by lying about the real incidents of the Somme. Factually, the evidence supports Coppard's case. The facts tell us that there were over 55,000 casualties on the first day. Haig claims it was a successful attack† whereas Coppard describes the â€Å"hundreds of dead†. The evidence supports Coppard when he claims that the wire was not completely cut whereas Haig states, â€Å"the wire has never been cut so well†. Coppard's purpose in doing the interview was probably to reveal the truth and horrors of war and possibly to make sure the mistakes of war are never repeated. Haig's purpose in writing Source B was probably political and to maintain his position. So I conclude that Source C is more reliable as it relates to the proven facts. Study Sources D & E: These two sources are not about Haig and the battle of the Somme. How far do you agree that they have no use for the historian studying Haig and the battle of the Somme? Sources D and E are both made to amuse the audience. Source D is a comical TV series of life in a trench. However, Source E is a piece of antiwar propaganda and even though it has been made to amuse, it shares the same point of view as the Director of ‘Blackadder' (Source D) about Field Marshall Haig and his drinks cabinet. I think a historian studying Haig and the Somme would find Sources D and E of considerable use. They both show popular ideas of Haig, one at the time of the event and the other 60 years later. As a television series, Source D would present views that the majority of the people agree with in order to boost it's ratings. This suggests that the majority of people agree that Haig was a poor leader. The series ‘Blackadder goes Forth' shows both side of war; life in the frontline trenches and then in the General's headquarters. This will give a historian an insight to the conditions of the trenches and that of the headquarters. However, Source D was made 60 years after the war so the director must have made it using sources such as E and other possibly accounts. Source E also shows how men were kitted out and how poorly training would have prepared them for the reality of the war they were about to fight. This is useful as it shows how much thought they gave to the training and equipping of his troops. I think both sources are relevant to a historian studying Haig as they show the view shared by many people, which is always important. Source E also tells us that the whole of the nation did not support the war propaganda and it gives a historian an insight to Britain during 1914-1918. Study Sources F,G & H: Do Sources G and H prove that F is wrong? Source F is an extract from a recent book called â€Å"British Butchers and Bunglers of World War†. The tone of the title is derogatory, particularly towards Haig. The book centres on the popular view, that Haig was a bungling old general. The book, like many written, is based on opinion rather than on fact. Whilst the book probably contains statistical evidence, the success or failure Haig's battle strategy is to an extent based on opinion. The writer has not taken into consideration that WW1 was the first type of war to be fought in trenches and with machine guns. I think it's unfair to blame Haig (who had been trained as a cavalry officer) for not having developed a successful strategy. The author has also forgotten to mention had Haig not reacted at the Somme, the French would have been taken at Verdun and the German army would have overwhelmed the British. Source G is an extract from the â€Å"German Official History of the First World War† which surprisingly contradicts Source F. Unlike many other sources, this extract compliments the British for their victory. Source G is telling us that the victors of the Somme were given a great morale boost for the future. It also meant that the Germans had lost all of their experienced soldiers, which weakened the German front line. It seems as though the Germans are praising Haig, unlike Source F. However, this source may also be questioned given that at the time of writing the Germans were paying massive reparations to the allied forces so they might have felt if they could keep in good terms with the allies, they may be able to clear some of the debt. However this is unlikely. Source H was written by a British general 57 years after the battle of the Somme. Because of the amount of time between the battle and the time of writing, it is possible that that of others has influenced his memory. Especially if he had risen to the rank of General, he would have been in an environment where Haig was respected, as his superiors were followers of Haig. However whilst this has some merit, it is more likely that the General as a military person could appreciate more Haig's strategy. He begins by saying that the German armies were broken by the â€Å"courage an resolution of Haig's armies, which had complete confidence in the leadership of their commander†. This completely contradicts Source F which claims Haig was a terrible commander. In conclusion whilst Source F repeats a popular view of Haig, I believe that Sources G and H does prove F wrong as it was written one by a fellow general with military training and from German point of view which had no reason to be bias. Study Source I & J: Why do you think that sources I and J differ about the Battle of the Somme? Sources I and J are both comments made by Lloyd George during and after the Battle of the Somme. Even though the sources have been written by the same man they completely contradict each other. It is almost as if the extracts were written by different men. Source I is part of a letter written by Lloyd George to Haig after his visit to the battlefields during the battle of the Somme. Lloyd George seems to be congratulating Haig on the battle plans. He seems sure that battle is going in their favour yet it was still another month until the battle ended. There are various reasons why Lloyd George did not write what we would have expected him to write. Firstly, Lloyd George would have wanted his General to be confident in his actions; he would have to encourage him. Secondly it would be stupid to start a quarrel with your General during a battle and bad for the morale of the troops. Source J is an extract written by Lloyd George in the 1930's. He is now 14 years later criticising Haig claiming that at the time of his visit he was confused by the cavalry in No mans Land. Now 14 years later and with no need to encourage Haig he speaks freely. However it may also be that at the time of writing Source I he did not see the faults in the British line up and is in Source J lying to try to stop any blame falling on him as Secretary of War. Study all the Sources. â€Å"Haig was an uncaring General who sacrificed the lives of his soldiers for no good reason† How far do this sources support this views. I believe that these sources do not go far to support this view. This is based on the following: – Sources A and B written by Haig himself, perhaps shows his deficiencies as a modern day leader not necessarily an uncaring butcher. Source C written by written by a private in the army, whilst giving a realistic picture from the trenches could not possible see the overall strategy. Sources D & E whilst relevant in promoting the populist view, again are biased. Sources F, a recently written book, again follows the more popular view and is a better titles to sell books. Sources G is probably the most unbiased view given that it was written by the enemy with little to gain. This source perhaps gives the biggest insight into Haig's strategy. Source H again does not support the view of the question, and was the only sources written by a fellow general who has been trained in warfare. Sources I and J both written by Lloyd George, highlights the difficulty in coming to any conclusion. He contradicts himself and argues convincingly for and against, proving that the question, even with the benefit of hindsight, is a difficult one to answer. How far does Source A prove that Haig did not care about the lives of his men? I think source A completely suggests that Field Marshal Sir General Haig did not care about the lives of his men because after one day of fighting the Germans on the 1st of July 1916 in the Battle of the Somme, over 57,000 British troops had been killed. The British only gained 750m. The next day Haig still continued with the same tactic even though a large amount of the army had lost their lives the day before. After suffering such heavy losses Haig still sent men out to their death every day. In source A Haig himself writes, â€Å"The nation must be taught to bear losses†. In every war there are losses but by writing this Haig gave no indications of just how many men he thought the nation would loose. I think Haig didn't care how many men were killed as long as his main objective to relieve pressure on the attack of Verdun was completed. â€Å"No amount of skill on the part of the higher commanders, no training however good, on the part of the officers and men, no superiority of arms and ammunition, however great, will enable victory to be won without the sacrifice of men's lives.† In the two books the World of War and Modern World History, both books suggest that one of Haig's chief subordinates Sir Henry Rawlinson was against the idea of a large offensive even before the Battle of the Somme begin. Rawlinson suggested that the British should concentrate its operations on the Western Front by launching a series of small discreet attacks. Inexperienced British troops would gain experience from these attacks while they could use the British industrial strength, which was now fully mobilised, to beat the Germans. Instead Haig went against the suggestion by launching a great offensive followed by a massive tightly controlled infantry attack. â€Å"No amount of skill on the part of the higher commanders†. I think Haig's deputy Rawlinson did have a lot of skill. He had good tactical idea but Haig choose not to use them. â€Å"no training, however good, on the part of the officers and men†. Rawlinson suggested small attacks to give the British troops experience. â€Å"no superiority of arms and ammunition, however great will enable victories to be won. From the Modern World History book it says, â€Å"Many of the shells supplied to the allied gunners were of poor quality. There was certainly a vast bombardment but many shells were not powerful enough to destroy the defensives or simply failed to go off†. â€Å"The nation must be prepared to see heavy casualty lists†. I think this is giving the same meaning as the first sentence in source a â€Å"The nation must be prepared to see heavy causality lists†. Haig had used the same tactic at another battle where he had been General. The Battle of Neuve Chappelle, which happened during 1915. The method used was to continuously bombard the enemy with shells for weeks. The barbwire would be cut then the British would attack using infantry. The method failed at the Battle of Neuve Chappelle but Haig used it again at the Battle of the Somme but on a much bigger scale risking more lives. Using a method of attack that has failed shouldn't have been tried if it was going to risk so many men's lives. Haig had been involved in other wars before the 1900's when there wasn't any planes or tanks available. When they were available for Haig to choose he decided not to use them and instead use older tactics. In Source F a modern historian has written, â€Å"The principal that guided him was if he could kill more Germans than the Germans could kill his men then he would inevitably at some time win the war†. This to me does not sound like the opinion of a General who cared about his men. Haig was more interested in winning a battle of attrition. In Source B Haig writes about the troops before the attack and he says how everyone is so confidant. â€Å"The men are in splendid spirits†. He also says how well the barbwire was cut. The second extract in Source B is again written by Haig giving us the report after the first day of the battle. â€Å"Very successful attack†¦the battle is going very well†¦The Germans are surrendering freely†. From what we know the battle wasn't very successful and is known as one of the worst British battles. If the attack had started at midnight on the 1st July and carried on for 24 hours that would mean that 2375 British troops would die every hour and 1 soldier would die every 1 second. The battle didn't go on for 24 hours though so the losses per hour would have been greater. Haig ordered his men to walk across no-man's land because he thought that there wouldn't be â€Å"even a rat alive† in the German trench. The Germans who had burrowed 12 meters underground were unaffected by the shelling and as the British were walking across and getting tangled in the masses of barbwire the Germans simply used a machine gun. This disaster could have been avoided if they had just run across. The tactics of the battle were good in theory but each one failed in some way. * There would be a huge military bombardment and mines would devastate the Germans positions. The bombardment didn't devastate any of German positions. * The Germans barbwire would be cut. The barbwire wasn't cut. It was simply thrown up into the air and it landed in a tangled mess. * The British troops would be able to walk across no-man's land. The British troops got caught in the tangled barbwire and were mowed down by the German machine guns. * The British would carry heavy packs and trench repairing kit. Each solider carried 66lb of kit, which was half the men's body weight. It was difficult to get out of the trench, move fast or even to get down or stand up quickly. These tactics sounded good but there were lots of faults. The Germans knew about the attack and were ready for it. Haig overestimated the ability of the artillery. The German's trenches were on higher grounds then the English's trenches so the Germans had a good view of anyone attacking. The German trenches had been there since 1914 and the German soldiers had not been idle. They had prepared the trenches well for the attack and fortified them with concrete. The Germans had barbwire stretching 30 meters wide all over the western front.

Market Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Market Solution - Essay Example Recently, the organization experienced a drop in the share prices by 10%. The organization is said to be suffering from low employee satisfaction as reported by popular media such as the Wall Street. The organization has even started experiencing a decrease in customer loyalty as the organization has seen a decline in the enrollment of the customers in the Reward program of the organization. The airlines witnessed a 20% decline in the customers enrolling in the reward program and they have started shifting towards the competitors of the airlines. The airline is even suffering from the issue of an increase in the operating costs due to increased labor and fuel cost. The organization can alter its problematic situation and can earn higher profits. Its problems can help it grow and attain success; they need to carefully handle the entire problematic situation. While dealing with the issue of decline in customers, the airline needs to distinguish between its essential customers and every day customers. They need to provide more personalized services to certain customers which will help the airlines to gain attention in the market. The customers will further help the airline in increasing their customer base. Satisfied customers will pass on satisfactory messages to other consumers which will result in an increase in the customers for the airline and will further help in decreasing the overall marketing costs. One of the major changes that the airline needs to make is to change its current reward program. They can enhance their reward program by creating a program or changing their current program after analyzing the programs that are created by their competitors. Altering the current reward program of the airlines will enhance customer satisfaction and consumers will start giving preference to the airline’s reward program. The airline even needs to focus on how to decrease their operational costs. One such method is the introduction of winglet which will resu lt in decreased consumption of fuels by the aircrafts. Several problems related to the airline have been identified by the different stakeholders of the company. Stakeholder issues need to be considered while solving the issues of the company because these stakeholders lead to the success and failure of the organization. The stockholders of the organization are of the opinion that the share prices of the organization have declined very sharply and this is hampering their investments. They believe that the share prices of the organization can be increased if the organization starts satisfying customers and customer loyalty is one of the essential things that need to be created in the market for the success of the company. The management is of the idea that the organization is not completely fulfilling the needs of the consumers and once these needs are fulfilled, consumers will start becoming loyal to the organization. Employees of the organization are mainly concerned about the nega tive reviews of the organization in the popular media. The employee union of the organization is concerned about job losses, decrease in salaries of the workers, dissatisfied workforce and they want to ensure that workers are compensated equally according to their hard work and performance. Similarly, the government and the officials

The Career Aspirations of Michele Terry Case Study - 44

The Career Aspirations of Michele Terry - Case Study Example Last year, after discussions with her family and bank officer, Michele dropped the ambition of being the Executive Vice President. This led her to carefully reflect on her reasons for being a senior bank officer. These reasons are; money, status, and ability to develop financial policies that favor the community. This is the reason she decided to attend training on community reinvestment. The training enabled her to chair the new market development taskforce. She also used her experience to mentor young bank managers on career issues. The new work responsibilities have enabled Michele to effectively handle family matters. Her work motivation and satisfaction has also improved, as illustrated through her increasingly positive performance appraisal (Collings & Wood, 2009). The analysis of Michele’s work illustrates poor remuneration. This is because one of her reasons for the promotion if to get more monetary benefits. Her job design is appropriate; she has the opportunity of hiring new management staffs at the bank. The bank has a training and development program. Michele had the opportunity of improving her competencies through attending the community reinvestment training. Compensation and rewards are offered according to seniority at the company. The executive officers at the bank get the most competitive remuneration package (Conaty & Ram, 2011). The bank implements appropriate performance management measure. This is through the regular performance appraisal sessions. After the community reinvestment training, she received positive performance appraisals. The bank values positive employee relations. Michele illustrates the relations through guiding and counseling junior staffs, who eventually get promoted.  

Comparison between Classical and Romantic Periods in Western Music Essay

Comparison between Classical and Romantic Periods in Western Music - Essay Example The movement was minimal as people performed and danced to the music. In contrast, during the romantic music period, both the performers and the dancers to the music became more physically involved in the music. More energy was used in playing the musical instruments and to dance to the music. Another major difference between the two periods is that, during the romantic period, music stressed strong emotions as opposed to music during the classic period. Music during the classical period did not portray deep emotions. About harmony, minor tones provided the music framework during the classical music period. Music composers wanted to have more control over their songs. The figured bass was not used during the classical music period. Amateur musicians were incapable of improvising from the bass. On the other hand, harmony during the romantic music period was expanded. Color and chromatic harmonies were added to the music. The performing mediums used during the classical music period were not as sophisticated as the accompaniments used during the romantic music period. They were, for example, made of wood and strings and were easy to operate as accompaniments to the music. During the romantic music period, accompaniments got more sophisticated. They included pianos and other digital equipment which were not easy to operate.  

A Case Study on Ethics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A on Ethics - Case Study Example In this case study which was based on a real time incident of New Orleans the major ethical issue was that the police officers did not take the right action and was carried away in emotion for their fellow officer. As per morality the most appropriate approach in this situation would have been to ensure proper treatment for Archie and then execute the judgment made by legal bodies. However this form of action was highly ignored by police officials and they preferred to brutally beat Archie for the crime he had committed. Often in such criminal cases it is observed that homicide or rather encounter is considered to be the best solution but ethically it can be stated as the harshest judgment towards an individual. The form of shootout which had taken place in New Orleans is common in that region and there are many cases as that of Archie where criminals are brutally killed by police officers so as to ensure that there is proper elimination of crime from the region (Turvey & Crowder 104 ). The major factual issue which has been identified in the case was Archie had committed wrong and he was being penalized for that, but it raises ethical issues because officers in order to do justice for their team member did not give the necessary medication to Archie which he required. In this particular scenario there is couple of actions which could have been taken by police officials so as to avoid any such violation of ethics. The first action could have been taking Archie to the nearest hospital so that he can survive.

Team Sports Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team Sports Economics - Essay Example Also compared to others it is a small academic field altogether. The pioneer of this economics’ field is said to be S. Rottenberg, who happened to be working at the renowned University of Massachusetts as an economist. He focused on the market of baseball players and did a journal in 1956 entitled, â€Å"Journal of Political Economy.† 1(Kasenne, 2007 p1) This is a study which seeks to put its entire concentration on the aforementioned field of economics and it will go on to discuss the field in detail. The write out will vividly make a comprehensive and an unbiased look at the team sports’ economics. To this it will answer the study question, â€Å"How effective are the competition balance policies in the models of sport evidenced in North America and Europe?† Examples to make this topic more understandable and interesting to read will be given from the current professional leagues in these two nations. The study will start by looking at the North American case and then continue to have a look at the European case. Many are the times that leagues have not portrayed the best interests of the set policies by the bodies responsible. This has left the loyal fans of various clubs disappointed. European football has not been spared by negative scandals that strike leagues off the competitive balance. The study sets out by tackling of the North American scenario portrays a good number of professional leagues with the inclusion of National Basketball Association commonly known referred by the initials NBA, Major League Baseball- MLB, National Football League (NFL) and also the hockey league- National Hockey League (NHL). The leagues in entirety are privately owned with regards to individual teams involved. Thus, the league is a private team ownership kind of league run together with the administrators they use their discretion to choose. Administrators are commonly referred to as Commissioners. Apart from their being the sole determiners of the plays taking place for the branded league, these leagues also take part in ample activities like definition of territories, their protection, making decisions on the location of teams by way of relocation and expansion as well as making negotiations of players, players’ unions, location of teams and TV contracts. Besides these responsibilities the leagues may be with the competitive balance’s future interest. By way of default or from another perspective the owners’ of the teams’ agendas, the policies made by the league enhance level balance in the upholding of competitiveness. Expounding on this view, the Rottenberg’s sentiments are going to be cited. According to him, team fans would rather their teams won in close kind of games than any other outcomes. Fans also have another preference in their list and that is; there should be occasional hopes brought about by the form portrayed in the post-season plays by the teams that they support. Imbal anced games are, therefore, a counter-expectation on the preferences by fans. In other words, competitive balance is what is most preferred by team fans. In a case where in a league there are problematic imbalances the fans of this league that harbors losers will experience a decline in the interests they had for the teams they support. If the same fans continued supporting the league with the same level of thrill as before despite the losing team’

International HR Management in Australia and India Case Study

International HR Management in Australia and India - Case Study Example Startup IT Company, which has recently established a subsidiary in India (New Delhi), has various options that can be followed to attract candidates for the different job position both internally and externally. Accordingly, the company is looking forward to attract candidates for different job positions listed as five senior executive, fifteen line managers, supervisors for two call centers, thirty staffs divided in to two groups for dealing with customers and suppliers and fifty assembled line workers. It is to be noted that the senior managers will be recruited from Australia while other professionals can be recruited from India. Accordingly, each job position has specified job description which shall facilitate in executing the recruitment and selection process more effectively. In order to ensure that right person is placed for the right job position, the company has the two major options of internal and external workforce for imbibing considerable talent within the organization . Additionally, internal and external recruitment processes shall provide the company with the opportunity to meet its needs for recruiting and selecting potential talents inconsistent with the job description and specification. One of the most suitable options available with Startup IT Company for targeting potential candidates can be related with its internal recruitment prospects facilitated with skilled labor force. It is worth mentioning that targeting candidates internally poses significant benefits. to the company. Responsively, the company will be able to save considerable amount of finance if the company follows internal recruiting. In addition to finance, the company will also be able to save considerable amount of time generating greater employee satisfaction and morale (Briggs, 2007). Some of the basic tools that the company can use for targeting candidates have been illustrated as follows. Promotions and Transfer It is worth mentioning that promotion and transfer is a vital tool for recruiting candidates internally. Contextually, Startup IT Company can take promotion and transfer as an important tool for recruiting candidates internally. The company can promote managers as senior executive on the basis of their capability and the past performances. It can also have the option to transfer managers from hone country i.e. Australia to India in order to assign them with the task of a senior executive (Ferner & et. al., 2005). Employee Referrals Employee referrals can be regarded as another important tool available to Startup IT Company to fill the vacant positions. The organization can recruit staffs on the basis of

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example Fluctuations in prices and wages were a proof of such, as did sudden changes in the patterns of transactions and relations between agricultural workers and landowners. For instance, sharecropping became widespread in northern Italy, and many assume that feudalism in Europe was completely disintegrating because of the grave need of landlords for eager workers (Byrne 57-58). A number of destitute became wealthy, and the wealthy became wealthier as resources were reallocated by means of inheritances and additional economic prospects. This paper analyzes how the Black Plague changed Europe, particularly the region’s economy. Governments were forced to modify their techniques of collecting revenue, while getting involved in at times radical means to sustain the status quo between the rich and the poor. The cursing by the plague of the clergy right together with their supporters changed numerous beliefs of the people about the Church and its part in holding humankind within God’s mercy. Women and men took part in religious activities without the precaution previously performed to educate, train, and screen them, and detractors commented about the unfavorable outcome (Spielvogel 234). It is not an exaggeration to say that the foundations of Protestantism were built after the massive plague. European culture transformed as well, while vernacular literature and learning progressed against the Latin of the Church and governments. Not merely were there substantially raised demands and additional prospects for priests, craftsmen, and farm laborers, but also for teachers, doctors, legal officials, and law yers. Newly built universities and schools seemed to fulfill the need and demand, and several of them supported reforms that finally ended the medieval period (Spielvogel 234-5). However, the greatest impact of the Black Plague was on the European economy. The epidemic took the lives of both those who supplied the goods and those who demanded them, yet generally

Evolution of the Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution of the Problem - Essay Example Due to the specialised nature of their services and the unique administrative framework, we expect substantial variations in the results of such investigations. Primarily, the NHCGL is a military hospital that aims at higher standards of service but not necessarily higher profitability. The administration is naturally not inclined to streamlining the organisation and optimising functionality as long as the services are not visibly affected. As the organisation grows larger it beocmes more and more difficult to alter the existing systems and the urger to continue with the current practices becomes stronger; thwarting efforts of change. The structure of most hospitals evolved as a response to their main function: which is "to cure patients with a great diversity of diseases in an effective way and with a minimum of risk, using most advanced medical techonologies available" (Don and Wolff, 1988). The core activities are performed by highly trained professionals- medical specialists in the case of hospitals. Their activities are highly standardized and they work relatively independetly of their colleagues though in close contact with their patients. This gives the health care organiational structure a certain looseness so that the tasks of the other members are not well defined. This was documented as early as 1988 in a study by Don Wallis and Charles Johannes Wolff. Their study also showed that the differentiation of tasks and the flexibility of rotations were lesser in public hospitals as compared to private hospitals. Hospitals have less formalisation and functional differentiation than industrial firms. In hospit als, the number of different medical specialisations and the differentiation of nursing departments are quite independent of each other. In summary, the existence of various communication related issues have been allowed to exist and even develop in the military

Physical Therapy Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapy Essay The major that I will be going into in the next four years is Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy is basically a health care profession, that provides therapy for those who have been injured, have a physical disability or for those who are experiencing minor pains in their body. I chose to get into Physical Therapy for many different reasons. I first thought of being a Physical Therapist when I realized that I was a hands on type of person, meaning that I like to work while being active. I then discovered that a lot of Physical Therapists work for college and professional sport teams and that to me was very exciting considering I want to play in the NFL one day. For the past year I have been interested in becoming a Physical Therapist. Everyone that I have talked to about my decision on choosing this field has been very supportive and has said that it is perfect for me. There are many different courses you must take to become a Physical Therapist such as, Biology, health sciences, kinesiology and ATC. Hearing from past students that were involved in the Physical Therapy field, they have told me that it takes a lot of hard work to really advance in the field. A major assignment when you’re entering the Physical Therapy field is learning the human body and a project that involves learning the human body is having to observe a diseased body. This project will benefit me in the field because it gives me a broad look on the way the human body is and looks inside. Being that you have to know the muscular system and the skeletal system, observing a body will let you take a deeper look into how the body looks and will teach you everything you need to know when you’re working with a live person. Being a Physical Therapist has really advanced throughout the years and therapists have now been considered doctors. Being a doctor is a very difficult thing to do, having to get your masters and then your working for your doctorates degree requires a lot of time and a lot of work. Being a Physical Therapist depending on how sophisticated you get, can bring in a lot of money. Also it can open up a lot of job opportunities. Whether you choose to work for a team or work for an office, you can eventually open up your own business with the right level of education. Another positive thing about Being a Physical Therapist is that you know how to treat injured people, so god forbid someone in your family gets injured you can treat them without orrying about some other person making things worse. A negative part about being in this field is that it will take up a lot of your time either at school or when you’re actually working. If you’re getting involved with a professional team then you also have to consider the traveling part of the business, going from state to state every week during the season. Also it will require a lot of money to go far into your major. College will give me the resources and the knowledge that I need to know in order to do well with patients. You must have a masters or doctorate degree to become a physical therapist. A recent study has shown that about there was about 199,000 jobs in the US for being a Physical Therapist. Athletic Training is a career that is very similar to Physical Therapy and both degrees can be used for each other. The average Physical Therapist gets paid about 78,000 dollars a year.

The Neoplatonic Conception Of Love Between People English Literature Essay

The Neoplatonic Conception Of Love Between People English Literature Essay The concept of love in the neoplatonic point of view is viewed as a very strong connection between people. However, love is viewed as an emotion that can be experienced in different forms thus there is the spiritual love and the physical love. It is viewed as a force that can be used to bind everything together and this is highly connected to the love present in religion. This is attributed to the fact that love is the main reason why God has spread himself in the world. The spiritual love that is shared between two people is compared to the love that God shares with people although this has been quite a controversial issue within religion. Love at a spiritual level is viewed as the connection of souls where one has to separate themselves from any physical connection. This kind of love has been known to be quite strong but there is the point that the physical connection is equally important. In one of the poems written by Donnie the ecstasy the concept of the soul needing the body is derived as one of the souls in the lovers story needs the body in order to attain complete satisfaction. The importance of physical connection is also viewed in the second poem where the love if felt despite the fact that here is no spiritual connection. This is attributed as to one of the reasons why the concept of sex does not lack in most love poems. Therefore, this paper aims to look at the concept of the neoplatonic conception of spiritual and physical love derived from two poems. Donnes perception of the Neoplatonic Love is seen to be reflected as two different conceptions but is connected by the same impulse. He uses the concept of renaissance so as to captivate the perception of love according to the neoplatonic love. The human body is used as a mirror of the physical love experienced between people. Donne uses the love shared between two lovers to show that the world can be a small space if it is compressed accordingly. The love shared by the two individuals indicates that they feel like they are the only people existing in the world. Spiritual connectivity is brought out in the poem but it clearly is not enough as the religious concept is not fully brought out as sexual ecstasy. Donne aims o compare religious fulfillment to that of sexual ecstasy and places the two concepts against each other. He feels that the pleasure gained from the two concepts is the same and this is expressed in his work. This was a shocking concept especially considering that it wa s being done during the renaissance period. Donnes poetry is very intimate when it gets to the connection that the souls share in form of love. The souls do not seem to share the connection with the body as they are suspended in a space of their own where their love exists. Their souls are at peace with each other when they are suspended from their bodies and they communicated in a language that only they could understand. During the entire time their bodies lay motionless as their souls bonded with each other. However, even if sex is not involved in the love connection, the bodies are viewed to be very important. This is indicated at the point where one of the souls misses the body and decides to go back. The love that existed between the two lovers seemed to be enough without having their souls involved but with time it proved that physical love was important as well. According to Neo platonic views, love is the main thing that binds all things together. As much as the concept was based on the emotion of love and that it can sustain all, the fact that human beings are fundamentally social is also clearly brought up in the concept. This is despite the fact that the human souls are known to function best when in isolation from the body but the results are not always satisfactory without the body playing its own function. This is compared to the spiritual relationship that an individual shares with God since one is said to seek total contemplation when he is in Isolation seeking God. Thus, if the relationship shared between two people is in the same path as the love of God, then the relationship between the two lovers if the greatest love of all times. The concept of sex is important despite the fact that it is not reflected on a personal level but the connection that the two lovers have bring out the concept rather clearly. The poem appears to be incomplete without it because the neoplatonic love distinguishes between normal sexual pleasure and passionate love. Thus, the connection shared by the souls represents passionate love that could be used to discuss sex in the poem. The sex part of the poem is important as it shows the physical connection that people have which means that their bodies have to play a role. The poem tries to show how the love of the two lovers would strive within their spiritual connection but this is not made possible as the soul longs for the body at some point. Another area where neoplatonic love is highlighted in the form of poetry is in the poem he Passionate Shepherd to His love. The speaker in the poem is a shepherd who is ready to pledge his love and do anything for the female he so admires. He proposes these sacrifices if only the female would agree to be his. The concept of sex is not brought out openly but it is felt in the poem. The speaker does not express the need to enjoy a long term commitment with the female object but his admiration in her is evident. This could mean that he is interested in her sexually in that eh even proposes to give her the finest clothes that the fur from the lambs can make and dress her in expensive ornaments. This will make her an object of his desire in a sexual manner. This is seen in that his main aim is he wants her to come and live with him but which role and enjoy the pleasures of love together. The body of the female of object is viewed as a source of entertainment for the shepherd. The poem is very intimate in expressing emotions to the female object but the aim derived from the passionate expressions is that he wills to posses her sexually. The desire that the shepherd has for the female object is what represents the presence of the woman although she does not play any other role in the poem. The shepherd has physical love for and passion or his object of desire and uses physical matter to woo her. The fact that the shepherd says come live with me and be my love expresses the fact that he is mainly focused on the physical love other than the spiritual connection that the two individuals might have with each other. However, the fact that he is keen enough to offer these gifts shows that he is greatly attracted to her and this is interpreted as love. His approach to the lady is rather civil as he does not directly mention the concept of sex. He knows that he directly makes his motives clear then he might miss out on the chance with the lady. According to the neoplatonic love, passion and attraction varies according to different stages and in this case the love for physical beauty is clearly established. The physical attractiveness is what captures the heart of the shepherd and he approaches it by offering physical attraction as well. The time also matters as it is a pastoral tradition and the available items that can be used to attract the female are used effectively. As much as this poem is set in the renaissance period and the concept of love is greatly reflected in the poem, the subject of sex is also present but in a less expressive manner. The shepherd is calling on the female so that she can be his lover. The subject of sex has been known to play a great role in most poems and this is no exception. This may be attributed to the fact that the poet wants to show the physical attraction that is existent in the concept of love. This is connected to the fact that human beings are very social and this is mainly expressed on physical terms. This forms the completion process of two lovers had begun as proven in the first poem the connection of the soul through the basis of love is not satisfactory enough. Physical attraction and connection is what completes the connection that the souls have hence, the concept of sex is mainly relayed in poems that revolve around love. Neoplatonic conception spiritual and physical love is reflected in the two poems but by using different approaches. The two aspects body and spirit are viewed differently when it comes to the connection of love. At some point spiritual love that is experienced between souls is compared to that spiritual love that God shares with His people. This is because there is the belief that the purpose of human life is to achieve that spiritual connection that man should have with God. For this concept to be achieved, man should separate himself from the physical world and engage with God at a more spiritual level. The same theory is taken and applied in the concept of love. The bonding between souls is considered to be quite passionate and emotional and intimate than the physical connection shared between people. This is the concept that is derived from the ecstasy poem, where the speaker expresses a feeling of victory and satisfaction once the souls are bonding in an intimate session. Howeve r, the concept of neoplatonic love has been quite controversial because at some point, the soul is seen to need the body. Thus, this shows that the existence of the soul without the body does not bring out the desired results in form of connection and passion. Conclusion The physical connection that bodies have is mainly attributed top the fact that human beings are very social and there cannot be existence of the soul connections without physical attachment. This is clearly seen in the second poem where the love that exists between two people physically proves to be equally passionate. The shepherd expresses his love at a physical level and sex is behind his intentions although he does not make that clear. Other factors clearly indicate where the interests of the shepherd lie and he views the body of the female object as impressive and entertaining. Although, the aspect of spiritual connection is not fully expressed in the second poem there is clearly a lot of passion in the shepherd.

A marketing report and analysis of Nestle

A marketing report and analysis of Nestle Nestle is the leader in food and beverage industry with wide range of products which accompany consumers live from birth through adulthooh, from breakfast to dinner, at home and elsewhere. This, day by day, represents them as a great responsibility and commitment to quality, taste and nutrion across all their products, to touch lives in a positive way and earn customers trust. They have joined into nutrion, health and wellness strategy with three fundamental beliefs: Pleasure and health: Nutrion have great taste if it is a part of healthy balanced diet. Eating with moderation and balance: Nestles products are designed to a variety of choices for every moment of the day and for all company members. Transparent communication: Transparent is the best way to win customers trust. All ingredients used to produce Nestles products are included on the label. With long term commitment is to enable customer an informed choices about diets and lifestyle, helping them care for themselves and their families, Nestle is really a leader in nutrion, health and wellness area. Business generates the most revenue Nutrion, Health and Wellness generates the most revenue for Nestle. In the recent year 2010, Nutrion, Health and Wellness confirms Nestles strategic direction, with main products is Food and Beverages creat 103.722 CHF millions in revenue equal to 94.53% in Total Revenue. Nestle, 2011, Strong 2010 performance press release, http://www.nestle.com/Common/ NestleDocuments/Documents/Library/Events/2010-full-year-results/Press_Release_EN.pdf Nutrion, Health and Wellness market, which is 100 percent right as determining from Nestles Board of Management in 2007, is a massive market for growing. Over 5 year operating, the industry keep fastest growing rate and contribute most revenue for corporate. This industry has been opened for Nestle S.A in 2007 by Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman when he produce Nestle Roadmap a strategy to transform corperate from traditional business into Nutrion, Health and Wellness with slogan Good Food, Good Life . Business generates the most profit Nutrion, Health and Wellness is the area that brings in for corporation the most profit. In 2010, with EBIT rate of 13.4% equal to 13.898 CHF millions, Food and Beverages main range of products in Nutrion, Health and Wellness area creats main income in total for corperation. Nestle, 2011, Strong 2010 performance press release, http://www.nestle.com/Common/ NestleDocuments/Documents/Library/Events/2010-full-year-results/Press_Release_EN.pdf Business will drive grow in the next decade These are 4 areas provide Nestle exciting prospect for continuos growing in the next decade: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Emerging markets and PPP Out-of-home leadership Premiumisation Nestles Successful Transformation from traditional business into a nutrion, health and wellness company, that brings them to No.2 player all over the world. Efficiently investing in value-added category. Stronger finance and credit. Flexible reaction to changing in strict health care standard and unfair competing. Their global strategy and local execution help them reach almost targets in recent years. Corperate Responsibility. In recent years, to become a successful corperation nowadays, these are their vital programs, which have contributed not only for society but also for themself as listed: Essential Program Context Action Achievement Rural Development Creat positive impact on argriculture area (provide local employment, technical transforming), and evironmental development Provide 200.000 local employments For Nestle: profitable growth, better quality in raw material, raw material supplying guarantee Improve standard of living, increase productivity in rural and economic in general In 2009, they provided microfinance in amount of CHF 48 millions For Customer: more qualified and healthier products for consumer Minimize impact of climate change and sometime is social issues For Society: higher quality for crop, more technical assistance, developping employment and environment, lower natural resources use, larger in yield help lower producing cost. Creating for themsef a stable, protected and qualified raw material to guarantee shareholder value-added Technical assistance and knowledge transfer Water and environmental Sustainability Produce tasting products that also have more and more lower environmental footprint by improving operational efficiacy They have already invested over CHF 220 millions in sustainable programs during 2009 For Nestle: reduce risk concerning health care standard, reduce cost, creat long term availability of resources, profitable growth Reduce use of water, some non-renewable energy and resources with target to reduce CO2 emissing performance and other evironmental affects Launch more projects to reduce greenhouse affect, eliminate waste in operation For Society: better standard of living Promote with supplier to help them a sustainable practices in supply chain Human Resources Dovelopment Long term investment in training Offer more comprehensive training, more opportunities for career For Nestle: skilled workforce, improve performance Continuous improving environmental and occupational health and safety management For Society: more employment, better standard of living, higher worhplace safety standard. Global and diversify Corperation developing Improve health and safety performance Increase Nestles engagement, employee health and wellbeing, reduce accident in workplace Creating an ethical and responsible workplace Climate Change Solution Reinforce Nestles role and plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Directly controlling operation For Society: lower environment impact Improve through supply chain Helping Nestles consumer Crisis Management Food and beverage market is changing everyday, customers need put producers into circumstance that whether they adapt to new trend or left behind on the race with other competitors. Nestle is an outstanding example in transforming their traditional managing operation into Health, Nutrion and Wellness management with Roadmap to Good Food, Good Life a unique flexible strategy that brings them to number 2 largest company all over the world. In Management and Strategic segment, I am pleased to express: Strategy Nestle Roadmaps success and Nestles solution for Melamine incident in China. In the Crisis management, Melamine scandal in China is outstanding example. On March 15th,2008, Chinese authorities informed that their over 20 Chinese milk companies was launching products contained Melamine this toxic has caused at least 4 babiesdeath and other 1253 Chinese children have fallen ill. Suppliers have been believed to add Melamine to milk to make it higher in protein. There was some ranges of Hong Kong Nestles products using Chinese milk powder. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7623037.stm After that, some press report in Hong Kong claimed a Nestle growing milk containing Melamine. Immediately, Hong Kong government requested Nestle to withdraw all their products that have been found to contain Melamine. The problem could have pushed them into a long-lasting downturn and other consequence concerning reputation. However, commented on this scandal, Peter Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman said: Sales in China are rather being favouredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Its rather positive than negative ( Reporting by Devidutta Tripathy; editing by Sue Thomas ) Ref Reuters Sep 26th, 2008 http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/09/26/nestle-idUSDEL31014820080926 How did they react? Yes, it is fantastic that Nestle today, after 3 years from this scandal, did not failed and become the leader in food and beverage area, the number 2 largest corperation all over the world. The first step in chain of resolving incident was complying with authorities request in showing all ingredients and formular used to produce milk, they were also withdrawing some kinds of products in Hong Kong as authorities requests as in line with Nestles Corperate Business Principle. In the mean time, they sent their samples of milk to honour testing center like Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., Food Industry Research and Development in Taiwan, etc. This action was conducted at places where their products have presented. The third step, they announced governments reports and confirmation that their products have been 100 percent safe and exact with things printed on their products label. The final step in this chain, they have combine Research and Development department and Maeketing department in communication with consumer on their producing standards, products quality that 100 percent safe and good for health as confirm from authorities. With this action, they have been not only winning back customers belief on their products, but also underlining that Nestle is the No.1 food and beverage producer all over the world with best quality and healthy products, as their slogan Good Food, Good Life . This is really a key turning-point to help Nestle successful as today. Strategy Nestle Roadmap. Source: http://www.nestle.com/Common/NestleDocuments/Documents/About_Us/Nestle_Roadmap.pdf Nestles strategy is being considerred the leader in Nutrion, Health and Wellness, and reference for financial performance. That is combination between their opportunities competitive advantages, internal strength operational pillars, focused segment growth drivers. This is a simple but right-targetting product from Peter Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman. Three major elements in their strategy including: Internal strength Operational pillars: Innovation and renovation ( from active and creative workforce ) Wherever, whenever, however ( supplying capability ) Consumer communication ( one of RD activity ) Operational efficiency These areas will help accelerate Nestles operation in all key areas with excellent achievement in execution. Focused segment Growth drive: Nutrion, Health and Wellness Value-add ( a massive market for healthy product ) Emerging markets and popularly positioned products the lower end. ( in 2011, growth scenaro in emerging market is around 170 billions US dollars ) Out-of-home consumption Differentation Premiumsation the high end This areas provide exciting prospect for growing. Opportunities Competitive advantages: Unmatched product and brand portfolio Unmatched research and development capability Unmatched geographic presence People culture, values and attitude This competitive advantages come from the value chain over decades, the link between great products efficient RD, great people strong value, broad geographic entrepreneurial spirit. This combination day by day is creating Nestles motivation on the road to leader in Food, Health and Wellness. In general, Roadmap is created from the combination between competitive advantages and their own strength and a right targeting market. Roadmap is almost following three major steps in building strategy for corporate. Analysis: determining the current position ,situation, performance and aspirations of the organisation and its members. Herein, that is competitive advantages. It help them regconize potential opportunities, their right strength that would make drive growth for Nestle in the future. Choice: determining possible courses of action, their possible consequences, problems and difficulties, benefits and advantages. Decision making is the most important step in every company, a wrong choice means a foresee failure. On roadmap, that is drivegrowth, corperate has been right when they choose emerging markets and popularly positioned products to be their motivation in growing in the next strategic years. Implementation: committing the organisation to pursue one of the possible future courses of action. Herein, operation pillars is a group of process to implement a lack or a small failure in the overall strategy. Vision, Mission, Goal. Nestles Vision: By bringing together all of its global RD resources, Nestle is able to provide high quality, safe food solutions for consumers worldwide whether this is in terms of nutrion, health, wellness, taste, texture or convenience. Above all, Nestle brings to consumers products that are of the highest quality. And safety is non-negotiable. Werner Bauer, Chief Technology Officer, Nestle S.A. Innovation, Technology and Research Development Nestles Mission: Their mission is creating value for shareholder and society. CREAT SHARED VALUE Reduce Poverty + Improve Health + Empower People SUSTAINABILITY Protect the future COMPLIANCE Laws, Business Principles, Codes of conduct Nestles Goals: Being recognized the leader in Nutrion, Health Wellness, and the industry reference for financial performance. But how they have been motivating their employees over decades to be the leader. Performance Compliance All Nestles employees have a good knowledge that here or there, we must have responsibility for down performance in the organization. Company have a good reward and recognization tied to performance. Culture Building Sustaining a high performance environment. Maintaining and evolving Nestles culture based on their own principle. Source: Creating successful future Jan 2008 Comment.

Causes of Underage Drinking Essay -- Alcohol Drinking Binge Essays

Causes of Underage Drinking Today, many teenagers experience different things in the world. Whether it is their first date or first day in high school, teens are always eager to try something different or new. One of the things that teenagers try is drinking alcohol. Unfortunately, underage drinkers often abuse alcohol. In this paper, I will try to shed some light on some of the reasons why teenagers drink alcohol at such premature age. The causes of underage drinking include peer pressure, family problems, low self-esteem, and of course curiosity. Must students who enter college in the United States are about eighteen years of age. They find a new kind of freedom on college campuses away from the supervisory eyes of their parents being away from home gives these students the freedom to make their own decisions regarding school, their finances, and their social lives. Some students feel that they finally can do what ever they want including drinking alcohol even though they perfectly know that the drinking age in many states, including Texas, is twenty-one. According to Dr. Richard Yoast, Ama’s director of the office alcohol and other drug abuse, says that 80 percent of students have consumed more than a few sips of alcohol by the time they finish high school. â€Å"Among youth 12 to 20, an estimated 10.1 million used alcohol,† he says. â€Å"Of these, 6.8million were binge drinkers and 2.1 millions w ere heavy drinkers.† Dr. Yoast continues to illustrate the seriousness of the ...

Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Role of the Witches Essay

The Role of the Witches in Macbeth  Ã‚   When Shakespeare wrote his play, Macbeth in 1606 a large majority of people were interested in witchcraft. This is why Shakespeare made the witches and the witches’ prophecies play a major part in the storyline of the play. In the time of Macbeth witches were not thought to be supernatural beings themselves, but supposedly gained their powers by selling their souls to Satan. There can be little doubt that most of Shakespeare’s audience would have believed in witches, and for the purpose of the play, at least, Shakespeare also accepted their reality. The three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are introduced at the beginning of the play and the brief opening few scenes give an immediate impression of mystery, horror and uncertainty. This is a sign of things to come as witchcraft is used as one of the main themes of the play. The witches create an atmosphere of evil and disorder. In the opening scene the weather is thunder and lightning which is a mirror image of the way the witches are perceived. When you think of thunder and lightning you think of evil and destruction, this is exactly the way witches are represented in this play. They are evil and cause destruction in Macbeth’s life. Banquo says in act 1 scene 3 line 124: "The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray's In deepest consequence." He thinks and says bad things of the witches. He calls them instruments of darkness and the devil. He believes that these prophecies will only bring harm even before anything begins to happen. He sees beyond the witches and can see that they are evil where as Macbeth is taken in by the witches and this ‘blindness’ is what causes his downhill spiral o... ...e is responsible for his own destiny. This is an essential theme in this tragedy. Macbeth chooses to gamble with his soul and when he does this it is only him who chooses to lose it. He is responsible for anything he does and must take total accountability for his actions. Macbeth is the one who made the final decision to carry out his actions. He made these final decisions and continued with the killings to cover that of King Duncan. However where as some facts show that the results were all of his own doing, in act 4 he returns to the witches voluntarily to find out his fate in order to see what actions he should take. This suggests that the witches did have a great influence on his actions. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999.

Spirituality & Story

While growing up in an environment that was more conducive to pain and suffering than to enjoying life it was easier to challenge believers to show me God then to actually see Him around me. I’d say, â€Å"close your Bible and prove to me God exists. †I always received one of three responses. Usually, I would get a bewildered stare. The second response was for me to just look around because God was all about me. Finally, the believer might tell me that God moves in mysterious ways. I truly hated this final response.If I had been born two-thousand years ago, I would have persecuted and thrown stones at Christians. As suggested I would look around, and I could not have faith or believe in a God that allowed so much pain and suffering to exist in the world.I would hear people say after surviving some great tragedy, or natural disaster, or loss of life that God was watching after them. My question was, â€Å"where was God when the hurricane was blowing your house away? â⠂¬  It didn’t make sense that God would be with one person but not their neighbor who drowned in the storm.Epicuras’ question concerning God and evil seemed legitimate: â€Å"Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then is he malevolent? He is both able and willing? Whence then is evil. † (163) Of course this delves into the freewill/theodicy argument. Within the Christian tradition people are free to make their own choices. And there are negative or positive consequences associated with freewill. Just as there are negative and positive consequences associated with rejecting or accepting Christ.During a particularly despondent time in my life, a friend offered me a Bible, some rather persuasive advice, and a pastor’s phone number. She said Christ would help me, but I needed to ask him into my life and for him to help me. So I began reading the Bible, and I called the pastor. If I asked a question, he answered it knowledgably.And I began praying. Gradually my mood and outlook on life did change. God is everywhere, but he first has to live in the heart. Works Cited Pojman, Louis. â€Å"THE PROBLEM OF EVIL. † Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994. 163.

Boston Beer Analysis

Matthew Schreck Management 511 financial purpose Making enceinte of Massachusetts Beer troupe April 18, 2013 Amelia Drobile capital of Massachusetts Beer social club History and pecuniary role capital of Massachusetts Beer society (surface-to-air missile) is a create from raw materialery in Massachusetts around comm hardly k forthwith for its Samuel Adams course of action of craft beers. The Samuel Adams farm animal of beer was introduced in 1985. Since then the confede proportionalityn has grown to do oer 580 million dollars in tax income each year. 580 million is a really small piece of the food and drunkenness industry but the amount of shargon pallbe arr wealthiness they argon providing is impressive.capital of Massachusetts Beer go with has been named unmatchable of the top publically traded billetes to watch in 2013 by Forbes. capital of Massachusetts Beer conjunction is truly part of two commercializes. In the overall U. S. Beer food securities ind ustry they urinate a untainted unity percent of the market. However, they own 22% of the craft beer market. In their industry, 66% of those competing in the craft create from raw material market are brewpubs, which generally do non do smoke distribution giving capital of Massachusetts Beer corporation an edge. (Smith, 2011) capital of Massachusetts Beer Comp any has one study difference from its competitors. The community has no debt.The entire keep come with runs on gold even though they have a 50 million dollar line of credit obtainable to them, which they have neer apply. The club leveragingd Diageos Pennsylvania Brewery in June of 2008 for 55 million dollars silver so that they could produce 100% of their increase with forbidden having to employ bigger orders forth. capital of Massachusetts Beer conjunction is capitalized with no bonds or pickred melodic phrase, yet 13. 6 million shares of common billet. (Smith, 2011) capital of Massachusetts Beer b eau mondes cost of capital is 6. 60% since their w eighted cost of equity is 6. 60% and their weighted cost of debt is 0. 00%. mart Grader Inc. , 2013) legal injury to Revenue proportion ( de boundine to gross sales) capital of Massachusetts Beer high societys price to revenue symmetry (TTM) is 3. 54 The price to revenue equaliser is ordinarily applied in orient of the price to earnings proportion. This proportion is usually applied to companies indoors the same industry, hitherto it excludes debt and expenses so the information the proportionality provides is boundsed. Price to Cash Flow Ratio The on-going price to change pass balance for capital of Massachusetts Beer fraternity is 25. 76. The price to silver flow ratio is used to prize the price of a companys store as compared to the amount of cash flow it fathers.The price to cash flow ratio is important for one chief(prenominal) reason, it vacates the equality of companies from different jurisdictions bec ause it removes depreciation (which whitethorn vary by country) and other non-cash factors. Therefore, it would allow an dressor to compare capital of Massachusetts Beer social clubs stock to that of AB InBev along identical financial quantifys. Price to Book Ratio (MRQ) The price to reserve ratio for capital of Massachusetts Beer lodge is 8. 34. The price to sacred scripture ratio measures a companys market look on in comparison to its book value.The price to book ratio indicates whether or not a companys asset value is comparable to the market price of its stock. Because the price to book ratio for capital of Massachusetts Beer Company is hale over one it may be an indicator that the stock is over value. An over valued stock for capital of Massachusetts Beer Company could evince the fast decline in stock value in the closely future, specially since the stock has climbed al intimately 25% in the prevail quarter alone. With the book value ratio as high as it is, a drop in stock price seems alikely in the near future. Current Ratio (MRQ) Boston Beer Companys occurrent ratio is 1. 83.Current ratio is defined by a companys current assets divided by is current liabilities. A companys current ratio is a liquid ratio that measures a companys ability to remunerate short-term obligations. This ratio also takes into account chronicle as current assets, although it may easily be converted into cash degenerately. Because Boston Beer Companys ratio is well over one, it means they have the assets and cash flows available to pay off any conterminous debt should it be made due. The companys amount of inventory provides a outstanding deal of assets that makes the company much much than liquid when this formula is used.Quick Ratio (MRQ) The quick ratio for Boston Beer Company is 1. 33. A companys quick ratio is an indicator of a companys short-term liquidity. This ratio is a more conservative form of the current ratio because it does not take into acco unt inventory of the company when determining its current assets. Boston Beer Company unruffled has a fortunate ratio well above 1. 0. go their current ratio is much make better with all the inventory, Boston Beer Company is still a reliable company that muckle pay off its short term debts if postulate be. Measuring ReturnsPrimary Stakeholders Boston Beer Company has five primary stakeholders within company, Martin F. roper ( hot seat and chief operating officer), C. jam Koch (Founder and chair), William F. Urich (CFO and Treasurer), John C. Geist ( iniquity chairman of Sales), and doubting Thomas W. Lance ( crime chairperson of operations). Of the five of them C. throng Koch holds more than 34% of the shares and is the sole holder of the class B common stock that gives him the right to appoint five of the eight members that are chosen to be on the come on as seen in the side by side(p) quote from the 2013 Proxy Statement. At the yearly Meeting you exit be asked to pr efer one-third level A managing directors and count an advisory vote on administrator salary. As the sole holder of form B Common Stock, I will elect five Class B Directors and cast a vote to formalize the selection of our independent registered public method of accounting firm. (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) While Koch may have stepped pass from CEO in 2001 he has maintained a great interest in his company and has po devolve onioned himself to have great realize over the Company with his mail as Chairman of the get along.His actions and goals are seen laid out in all of the companys press releases and the company is continuing to be grown and maintained the same as it always has been with the exception of Boston Beer Company running its own breweries instead of subcontracting out their orders. Capital Budgeting Boston Beer Company runs in effect(p) like any cash business. They have no money tied up in debt and any investment they make is paid for in cash. There is an teetotum and downside to this method of running a company.On the upside, the company is very liquid, meaning they smoke pay for intimately investments on the spot without accruing any debt. However, no debt might deter near investors from buying into the company. Having no debt throws off a companys ratios in comparison with other companies within the industry and can make it difficult for investors to trust in the company. A typical investment for Boston Beer Company would be opening a unfermented brewery or purchasing an subsisting one to help the company confine up with the commands for their products.The acquisition of the Diageo brewery 60 miles exterior of Philadelphia in 2008 was the companys most recent investment. Since the purchase, Boston Beer Company has been pour tens of millions of dollars into the facility that used to employ 220 hatful to make Smirnoff and now employs 260 people to brew Sam Adams. Boston Beers Breinigsville facility employs 260, up f rom 220 workers when the plant was purchased from Diageo. (Richardson, 2012) Boston Beer Company now has three breweries.They are located in Cincinnati, Ohio, Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, and Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Beer Company has been weary to invest in the westerly half of the U. S. because they cerebrate the craft beer market is oversaturated and they will not have much success, however, some market specialists believe they should do a rivulet batch with a brewery in the western market and measure real results. The only real measure of value for Boston Beer is the volume being sold. Boston Beer used to lease brewery locations in order to brew according to their demand.Within the last five old age the demands for craft beers have grown importantly especially among the younger alcohol consume demographic that is looking for something more the generic beer taste of the three big beer companies, Anheuser Busch InBev, MillerCoors, and Pabst. Boston Beer Company no longe r has the need to lease other breweries after the purchase of the Diageo brewery. Now that they have the capacity to brew their own beer and staff accordingly Boston Beer Company has not only added value to the company, but have positioned them self to run as the demands for their products continue to increase.The only range that Boston Beer Company seems to be assay with is the money that they are leaving sit idle. While the company is very gainful and is run as a cash business, some of their cash flows could be invested to generate a better return than they are currently getting. Strategy and Governance The Boston Beer Company is currently governed by a board consisting of eight members. The board consists of C. James Koch, David A. Burwick, Pearson C. Cummin III, Cynthia A. Fisher, Jay Margolis, Martin F. Roper, Gregg A. Tanner, and Jean-Michael Valette.The board has a committee that reviews the current members of the board at least p.a. and determines what characteristics an d skills should be sought in new board members to be elected. jury members for the Boston Beer Company board members are asked to limit the number of boards they are on in order to keep them focused. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating/Governance Committee should be advised in advance of a directors intention to judge an invitation to serve on another board (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) ManagementBoston Beer Companys executives have copious roots within the company. C. James Koch founded the company in 1984 and was Chief executive director incumbent up until 2001 when he stepped down and became Chairman of the Board. Martin F. Roper the president and Chief administrator Officer replaced C. James Koch as CEO in 2001. Martin F. Roper has been with the company since 1994 when he was hired as unrighteousness death chair of operations. In 1997 he became Chief direct Officer and in 1999 he became the President of Boston Beer Company. William F. Uric h is the CFO and Treasurer since 2003. beforehand link Boston Beer Company Mr.Urich served as Vice President of Finance and crinkle Development for United Distilleries & Vinters from 1998 to 2000. From 2001 to 2003 Mr. Urich was Chief Financial Officer for Acirca, Inc. John C. Geist, the Vice President of Sales has been with the company since 1998 when he was first gear brought on as the National Sales Manager. He was made Vice President of Sales in February of 2007. David L. Grinell has been the Vice President of Brewing since 2008. Prior to that he started on the job(p) as the Manager of Brewing Operations in 1988 before being promoted to Director of Brewing and Quality in 2001.The Vice president of Operations, Thomas W. Lance, join the company in 2007 after leaving the decision maker Vice President of Operations position at Kens Foods. A position which he held for five years. Ai-Li Lim is the Vice President of Human Resources. She fall in the company in February of 2012 a fter leaving Vistaprint USA, Inc. as Senior Director of Human Resources. Robert P. Pagano, the Vice President of Brand Development joined the company in 2011. Prior to joining Boston Beer Company Mr. Pagano was the Managing Director at the brand strategy firm, Red toss out Insights, LLC, for five years. Kathleen H.Wade is the Vice President-Legal and in incarnate depository. She joined the company in 1999 as Corporate Legal Director and Corporate Secretary. She became Secretary of the company in 2010 and was appointed to the depravity president position in 2012. modal(a) Ceo Compensation In This manufacturing Industry Range Salary686. 8K Bonus871. 2K Total absolutely Term Compensation1. 0M Total Value of Options4. 9M discern decision maker Compensation Boston Beer Company, Inc. SAM Name/Title 20082009201020112012 Key Executive Compensation10,037,7063,868,6674,181,5019,897,5693,718,707 Martin F. Roper/President and Chief Executive Officer ,415,9181,049,3031,094,238933,8181,0 52,493 William F. Urich/Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer 834,313766,768938,3183,437,998599,363 C. James Koch/Chairman of the Board 589,496546,005836,895754,163817,949 Thomas W. Lance/Vice President, Operations 449,636858,643479,857693,401721,454 John C. Geist/Vice President, Sales 748,343647,948832,1934,078,189527,448 *A publicly-traded company is only required to grant information concerning the amount and type of earnings paid to its CEO, CFO, and the three other most highly paying(a) executive officers in a given year.Information about compensation for these individuals may be unavailable in prior years if they were not in their current roles or did not trammel as among the most highly compensated officers at the time. (MorningStar, 2013) For the most part Boston Beer Company pays below the industry average out with the exception of the executive bonuses that certain(a) members of amphetamine management received for reaching certain sales goals. Boston Beer Company is not nearly as large as the other beer conglomerates so it is expected that their executive compensation would be to carapace.Corporate Social duty Boston Beer Companys corporate social responsibility (CSR) is heavily mandated by the government. Because they deal in the alcoholic drinking industry there are legion(predicate) amounts of taxes and laws restricting their advertising and sales. The alcoholic drinkable industry is regulated by federal, extract and local governments. These regulations govern the production and distribution of alcoholic drinkables, including permitting, licensing, marketing and advertising, distributor relationships, sales, environmental, and occupational health and safety issues.To operate its breweries, the Company must obtain and maintain many permits, licenses and approvals from various governmental agencies, including the Alcohol and baccy Tax and Trade Bureau, the Food and medicate Administration, express alcohol regulatory agencies and state and federal environmental agencies. (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) Growth and luck Boston Beer Company has grown significantly in the last decade. It has grown organically through increasing sales and demand from their marketing campaigns.It has also grown a great deal through acquiring two more breweries, one in Ohio and one in Pennsylvania in addition to the original Massachusetts brewery. Boston Beer Company is known primarily for its Samuel Adams line of craft beers however they also struggle in other segments of the alcoholic beverage industry for those that dont prefer beer. Boston Beer Company also makes wrestle Tea and Angry Orchard Cider. The creation of making several types of beverages allows Boston Beer Company to be more diversified and overstretch more sales by harmonic to a larger demographic by providing a wider selection of products.Boston Beer Company has what most market analysts would call a nook market, meaning they will never produce a large scale g eneric beer like the big three beer companies (Anheuser Busch InBev, Miller, and Coors). So the need to diversify is not a necessity for survival or growth for the Boston Beer Company. Of the three major lines of alcoholic beverages the company produces, there are 56 varieties of them combined. Boston Beer Company fundamentally has its own market because 66% of their competitors are brewpubs that do not mass distribute. The only thing limiting Boston Beer Company other than its sales are its distribution network.Since the firm operates in all on cash the value of the company has skyrocketed. Boston Beer Company has plenty of capital to reinvest in itself and increase shareholder wealth all while maintaining a balance sheet with minimal debt. Boston Beer has grown by leaps and bounds over the last decade, which is reflected by their total sales, volume of product produced (measured in barrels), and price per share, which is currently aim out around $166. 00 per share. While compani es like Anheuser Busch InBev have a much larger market cap (157. 93B) compared to Boston Beer Company (2. 1B), Anheuser Busch InBevs price per share is only $98. 78. The overall value to the shareholders for Boston Beer Company is much greater because of the way the business operates and finances its investments. The company finances everything without debt positive the companys resources carefully and allowing rapid growth. Boston Beer Company will be one of the premiere firms to watch over the next decade to see how they will combat the much larger competitors within the industry as they try to postulate in the craft beer market. References Smith, B. (2011, August 30). Buffett-Munger Screener set off Boston Beer Company (Sam).Retrieved from Guru Focus website http//www. gurufocus. com/ intelligence/144123/buffettmunger-screener-highlightboston-beer-company-sam Market Grader Inc. (2013, March 30). Boston Beer Co. , Inc.. Retrieved from Market Grader Inc website http//www. marke tgrader. com/MG. Services/servlet/pdf. PDFServer? ticker=SAM Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2013). Proxy Statement 2013. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website http//www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-overview Richardson, T. (2012, January 27). Boston Beer pour millions into Lehigh Valley. Retrieved from The Morning Call Website http//articles. mcall. om/2012-01-27/business/mc-allentown-boston-beer-20120127_1_craft-beers-samuel-adams-beer-yuengling Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2013) Corporate Governance Guidelines. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website http//www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-governance MorningStar. (2013, April 18). Boston Beer Company, Inc. Class A (SAM). Retrieved from MorningStar website http//insiders. morningstar. com/trading/executive-compensation. action? t=SAM Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2012) 10-K Annual line 2012. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website http//www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-over view