Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1077 Words

Did you know that in the United States alone 26 million animals are used in testing each year? Did you know the Federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA) does not protect 95% of animals in experiments and testing and that over 97 thousand animals that experience pain are not given drugs to ease the pain? That the United States and Gabon are the only two countries that allow testing on chimpanzees? Animal testing has been used worldwide and for many different matters, but does the use of it really help and benefit us and them? Or does it damage both of us? Animal testing has been used for centuries; it has been traced back to 500 B.C.E. but did not become popular or common until the late 1800’s. At that time, UK government passed Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876 hoping it would reduce animal testing and pain placed upon the animals but sadly the bill did fail. When the United States passed the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) in 1966 animal’s wellbeing were started to be taken in a serious manner. Animal Welfare Act does state that â€Å"The term ‘animal’ means any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate) mammal, hamster, rabbit, guinea pig, or such other warm-blooded animal† (Title 7- Agriculture 16) which excludes birds, some rats and mice, and cold-blooded animals. With that being said, the laws that are being placed to help â€Å"animals† are not helping all animals; those laws are not protecting turtles, fish, lizards, or any reptiles. The first step in fixing the issues of animalShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Ethical Decision Making The Ethical Dilemma - 901 Words

Ethical decision making is vital to the operation of any organization. Organizations that operate unethically can face step fines, civil suites and even jail time. Furthermore, and most importantly, companies that are considered ethical, are better at attracting customers, qualified employees and even have an easier time raising capital (Robinson, 2014). Organizations must ensure that everyone within their business operates ethically and understands what to do when faced with ethical dilemmas and decisions. Jacob’s Ethical Dilemma In the case study, Jacob is faced with a significant ethical dilemma. He works for a small ad agency that was compiling a bid to try and receive a large government contract. Jacob and his co-worker Krystal were tasked to prepare a presentation outlining the bid. Given that Jacob’s child was sick; Krystal did the entire presentation herself. Jacob, who has better communications skill, presented the majority of the work while Krystal supplemented the information in a few sections. The presentation was extremely successful and the contract was awarded to their ad agency. Given the success of the presentation, the owners approached Jacob with a $10,000 bonus check. This bonus check is Jacob’s ethical dilemma. He knows that his co-worker Krystal did all the work, however, the money could go a long way in helping him pay his sons medical bill. Jacob already knows he is faced with an ethical dilemma. An ethical dilemma is defined as â€Å"a mora llyShow MoreRelated1.1.Objective Evaluation Of All Available Options. According1626 Words   |  7 Pagesbears testimony to the fact that time and again large-scale disasters happened due to the lack of ethical standards of some leaders or the other. We come to know from his research that there are two approaches to handle ‘ethical dilemma’: 1) before deciding on the course of action, assess the practical consequences likely to follow and 2) whatever be the likely consequences, do what you consider ethical. The first school of thought argues that if there is no harm, there is no foul. The second claimsRead MoreEthics Game Reflective Journal1042 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Ethical dilemmas surface daily in professional nursing practice. Whether you work in acute care, long-term care, hospice care, ambulatory care, managed care, or public health care chances are you will be responsible for making decisions in a situation of ethical concern. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the ethical issues presented in the Ethics Game simulation, the decision-making process used to determine the solution to the dilemma, and apply concepts from the Ethical LensesRead MoreDecision-Making within the Healthcare Industry: The Importance of Individual Ethics949 Words   |  4 Pagesethics are important in decision-making within the health care industry. One of the main reasons for that is because often ethical dilemmas occur at lower decision-making levels, and this means that the decision is being made by one person, facing a difficult situation that must be resolved quickly. Another reason that individual ethics are important in health care is that often a m anager is unaware that there is an ethical dilemma. Thus, by failing to recognize the ethical dilemma, the manager is resolvingRead MoreEthical Decision Making Model Analysis797 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decision Making Model Making sound ethical decisions require an intentional process that utilizes thoughtful reflection, supervision/consultation, and action. Many ethical decision making models exist and the seven-step model introduced by Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) is a succinct amalgamation of these earlier models. The model by Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) follows seven progressive steps: (a) identify the problem, (b) apply the ACA Code of Ethics (2014), (c) determine the natureRead MoreThe Case of the Wayward Water: Drinking Water Getting Tainted with Fracking Fluid1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ The Case of the Wayward Water - Page 1 of 44 Welcome to an EthicsGame Hot Topics Dilemma! Few issues have recently gotten as much attention as the energy extraction activities involving a controversial procedure called fracking. As reports of drinking water becoming tainted with fracking fluid flood the news, both oil and gas companies as well as environmental groups are presenting competing facts about the effects of drilling on ground water. Economists are often asked to prepareRead MoreEthical Values in Social Work Essay example1381 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues and ethical dilemmas What are values, ethics, ethical dilemmas and a code of ethics? Values relate to principles and attitudes that provide direction to everyday living. Values also refer to beliefs or standards considered desirable by a culture, group or individual (AASW). Similar to values, but slightly different, ethics means a system of beliefs held about what constitutes moral judgement and right conduct, they are moral principles (rules, guides) (AASW). So an ethical dilemma is thenRead MoreEthics Case Study: Clinical Psychologist Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesclinical psychologist is faced to ethical dilemmas of teaching a class that he is not competent in teaching, as well as a conflict of interest with the department chair that understands his dilemma, but wants him to abandon his principles and compromise ethics. American Psychologist Association (APA) developed ethical principles and codes to assist psychologist when they are faced with ethical dilemmas. Utilitarianism and Kant’s Formalist Theory are two models of ethical reasoning the psychol ogist canRead MoreEthical Dilemma And Ethical Dilemmas1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to present an ethical dilemma, as well as describe stakeholder involvement and any policies and laws involved in this dilemma. According to Butts and Rich (2016), an ethical dilemma is defined as a complex situation in which a person must chose between two actions. Ethical dilemmas are predominant on a day to day basis in the nursing profession. When nurses face ethical dilemmas, often none of choices or options feel completely right therefore they areRead MoreEthical Decision Making Essay638 Words   |  3 Pagesled to new and increased awareness of the ethical dimension of nursing and its impact on the delivery of high-quality care (Coverston Rogers, 2000). In their daily practice, nurses are constantly confronted with decision-making that is ethical in nature. An ethical dilemma is a situation wherein moral precepts or ethical obligations conflict in such a way that any possible resolution to the dilemma is morally intolerable. In other words, an et hical dilemma is any situation in which guiding moralRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1583 Words   |  7 PagesEvery day people make decisions that may have profound effect on their personal and/or professional lives as well as the lives of others. The decision people make have a foundation on their personal, cultural, and perhaps organizational values. When these values are in disagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmas can often be traced

Financial Statements Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Dr. Sudhakar Raju Financial Statements Analysis ( FN 6450 ) PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS ON WACC 1. The return stockholders require on their investing in a house is called the: a. dividend output. B. cost of equity. c. capital additions yield. d. cost of capital. e. income return. 2. The cost of capital: a. will diminish as the hazard degree of a house increases. b. is chiefly dependent upon the beginning of the financess used for a undertaking. c. implies a undertaking will bring forth a positive net nowadays value merely when the rate of return on the undertaking is less than the preset cost of capital. d. remains changeless for all undertakings undertaken by the same house. E. depends on how the financess are traveling to be utilized. 3. Which of the undermentioned statements are right refering the security market line ( SML ) attack to finding the cost of equity for a house? I. The SML attack considers the sum of unsystematic hazard associated with a house. II. The SML attack can be applied to more houses than the dividend growing theoretical account can. III. The SML attack considers merely future information. IV. The SML attack assumes the reward-to-risk ratio is changeless. a. I and III merely B. II and IV merely c. III and IV merely d. I. II. and III merely e. I. II. III. and IV 4. The pre-tax cost of debt for a house: A. is based on the output to adulthood on the firm’s outstanding bonds. b. is equal to the voucher rate for the latest bond issue. c. is tantamount to the current output on the outstanding bonds of the house. d. is based on the output to adulthood that existed when the presently outstanding bonds were originally issued. e. has to be estimated as it can non be straight observed in the market. 5. The capital construction weights used in calculating the leaden mean cost of capital: a. are based on the book values of entire debt and entire equity. B. are based on the market value of the firm’s debt and equity securities. c. are computed utilizing the book value of the long-run debt and the book value of equity. d. remain changeless over clip unless the house issues new securities. e. are restricted to the firm’s debt and common stock. 6. DTK. Inc. uses both preferable and common stock every bit good as long-run debt to finance its operations. An addition in which one of the followers will increase the capital construction weight of debt. all else equal? a. market monetary value of the common stock b. figure of portions of preferable stock outstanding c. book value of the outstanding portions of common stock D. figure of bonds outstanding e. figure of portions of stock outstanding 7. The leaden mean cost of capital for a house is the: a. price reduction rate which the house should use to all of the undertakings it undertakes. B. rate of return a house must gain on its bing assets to keep the current value of its stock. c. voucher rate the house should anticipate to pay on its following bond issue. d. upper limit rate which the house should necessitate on any undertakings it undertakes. e. required rate which every project’s internal rate of return must transcend. 8. Which one of the undermentioned statements is right refering the leaden mean cost of capital ( WACC ) ? A. The WACC may diminish as a firm’s debt-equity ratio additions. B. When calculating the WACC. the weight assigned to the preferable stock is based on the voucher rate multiplied by the par value of the stock. c. A firm’s WACC will diminish as the corporate revenue enhancement rate lessenings. d. The weight of the common stock used in the calculation of the WACC is based on the figure of portions outstanding multiplied by the book value per portion. e. The WACC will stay changeless unless a house retires some of its debt. 9. Flotation costs should: a. be ignored when analysing a undertaking because floatation costs are non an existent cost of the undertaking. b. be averaged over the life of the undertaking thereby cut downing the hard currency flows for each twelvemonth of the undertaking. c. merely be considered when two undertakings have the same net nowadays value. D. be included in the initial cost of a undertaking before the net present value of the undertaking is computed. e. be ignored wholly when internal equity support is utilised. 10. Cameron Industries is expected to pay an one-year dividend of $ 1. 30 a portion following month. The market monetary value of the stock is $ 24. 80 and the growing rate is 3 per centum. What is the firm’s cost of equity? a. 7. 58 per centum B. 7. 91 per centum C. 8. 24 per centum d. 8. 40 per centum e. 8. 76 per centum 11. Old Country Lemonade has a beta of. 9. a stock monetary value of $ 28. and late paid an one-year dividend of $ 1. 10 a portion. The dividend growing rate is 3 per centum. The market has an 11 per centum rate of return and a hazard premium of 7 per centum. What is the mean expected cost of equity for Old Country Lemonade? a. 7. 05 per centum B. 8. 67 per centum c. 9. 13 per centum d. 10. 30 per centum e. 11. 33 per centum 12. HBS. Inc. has a growing rate of 6 per centum and is every bit every bit hazardous as the market. The stock is presently selling for $ 15 a portion. The overall stock market has a 12 per centum rate of return and a hazard premium of 9 per centum. What is the expected rate of return on HBS’s stock? a. 6 per centum B. 9 per centum C. 12 per centum d. 15 per centum e. 18 per centum Re = ( . 12. 09 ) + ( 1. 00. 09 ) = 12. 00 per centum 13. The Collection Co. has a current beta of 1. 6. The market hazard premium is 7 per centum and the riskless rate of return is 3 per centum. By how much will the cost of equity addition if the company expands their operations such that their company beta rises to 1. 9? a. 0. 30 per centum B. 0. 90 per centum c. 1. 50 per centum D. 2. 10 per centum e. 2. 70 percent Increase in cost of equity = ( 1. 9 1. 6 ) . 07 = 2. 10 per centum 14. The Lawson Company has a seven-year bond outstanding with a 6 per centum voucher. Interest payments are paid semi-annually. The face sum of the bond is $ 1. 000. This bond is presently selling for 101 per centum of its face value. What is the company’s pre-tax cost of debt? a. 4. 33 per centum B. 4. 49 per centum c. 5. 68 per centum D. 5. 82 per centum e. 5. 91 per centum 15. Ellie’s Boutique has a bond issue outstanding that matures in 14 old ages. The bonds pay involvement semi-annually. Currently. the bonds are quoted at 98 per centum of face value and carry an 8 per centum voucher. The firm’s revenue enhancement rate is 35 per centum. What is the firm’s aftertax cost of debt? a. 2. 88 per centum B. 5. 36 per centum c. 5. 45 per centum d. 8. 24 per centum e. 10. 72 per centum 16. Antonio’s Pizzeria has 8 per centum preferable stock outstanding that sells for $ 71 a portion. This stock was originally issued at $ 58 per portion. What is Antonio’s cost of preferable stock? a. 8. 00 per centum B. 10. 50 per centum C. 11. 27 per centum d. 13. 79 per centum e. 16. 00 per centum CPS = ( . 08 $ 100 ) / $ 71 = 11. 27 per centum 17. The Seasing Company has 1. 500 bonds outstanding that are selling for $ 1. 060 each. The company besides has 5. 000 portions of preferable stock at a market monetary value of $ 32 each. The common stock is priced at $ 26 a portion and there are 36. 000 portions outstanding. What is the weight of the common stock as it relates to the firm’s weighted mean cost of capital? a. 6 per centum B. 35 per centum c. 41 per centum d. 54 per centum e. 60 per centum 18. Highpark Industrial has a $ 500. 000 bond issue outstanding that is selling at 96 per centum of face value. Highpark besides has 6. 500 portions of preferable stock and 22. 000 portions of common stock outstanding. The preferable stock has a market monetary value of $ 50 a portion compared to a monetary value of $ 35 a portion for the common stock. What is the weight of the preferable stock as it relates to the firm’s weighted mean cost of capital? a. 9 per centum B. 13 per centum c. 17 per centum D. 21 per centum e. 26 per centum 19. The Basket Weavers Company has 100. 000 bonds outstanding that are selling at par value. Chemical bonds with similar features are giving 7. 5 per centum. The company besides has 1 million portions of 10. 5 per centum preferable stock outstanding and 5 million portions of common stock outstanding. The preferable stock sells for $ 56 per portion. The common stock has a beta of 1. 2 and sells for $ 38 a portion. The U. S. Treasury measure is giving 3 per centum and the return on the market is 12 per centum. The corporate revenue enhancement rate is 34 per centum. What is Basket Weaver’s weighted mean cost of capital? a. 10. 71 per centum B. 12. 04 per centum c. 12. 78 per centum d. 14. 02 per centum e. 14. 85 per centum 20. Cruiseliners. Inc. has 230. 000 portions of common stock outstanding at a market monetary value of $ 40 a portion. Following one-fourth. Cruiseliners’ is expected to pay an one-year dividend in the sum of $ 1. 80 per portion. The dividend growing rate is 3 per centum. Cruiseliners’ besides has 8. 000 bonds outstanding with a face value of $ 1. 000 per bond. The bonds carry a 9 per centum voucher. pay involvement yearly. and mature in 5. 093 old ages. The bonds are selling at 102 per centum of face value. The company’s revenue enhancement rate is 35 per centum. What is Cruiseliners’ leaden mean cost of capital? a. 5. 4 per centum B. 6. 6 per centum c. 7. 5 per centum d. 8. 5 per centum e. 9. 6 per centum 21. Great Sound Music. Inc. has 20. 000 portions of common stock outstanding at a market monetary value of $ 26 a portion. This stock was originally issued at $ 19 per portion. The house besides has a bond issue outstanding with a entire face value of $ 300. 000 which is selling for 97 per centum of face value. The cost of equity is 10 per centum while the after revenue enhancement cost of debt is 5 per centum. The house has a beta of 1. 2 and a revenue enhancement rate of 35 per centum. What is Great Sound’s weighted mean cost of capital? a. 7. 07 per centum B. 7. 58 per centum c. 7. 83 per centum d. 8. 16 per centum E. 8. 21 per centum WACC = [ ( $ 520. 000 / $ 811. 000 ) . 08206 = 8. 21 per centum . 10 ] + [ ( $ 291. 000 / $ 811. 000 ) . 05 ] = . 06412 + . 01794 = 22. Hilltop. Inc. has a capital construction which is based on 30 percent debt. 10 per centum preferable stock. and 60 per centum common stock. The pre-tax cost of debt is 8 per centum. the cost of preferred is 9 per centum. and the cost of common stock is 11 per centum. The company’s revenue enhancement rate is 34 per centum. The company is sing a undertaking that is every bit every bit hazardous as the overall house. This undertaking has initial costs of $ 250. 000 and hard currency influxs of $ 94. 000 a twelvemonth for three old ages. What is the jutting net present value of this undertaking? a. $ 15. 823. 76 B. $ 12. 414. 07 c. $ 9. 127. 53 d. $ 1. 083. 19 e. $ 15. 823. 76 23. Keller’s Korner is sing a new undertaking they consider to be a small riskier than their current operations. Thus. direction has decided to add an extra 2. 5 per centum to their company’s overall cost of capital when measuring this undertaking. The undertaking has an initial hard currency spending of $ 30. 000 and jutting hard currency influxs of $ 12. 000 in twelvemonth one. $ 20. 000 in twelvemonth two. and $ 8. 000 in twelvemonth three. The steadfast uses 40 per centum debt and 60 per centum common stock as their capital construction. The company’s cost of equity is 14 per centum while the aftertax cost of debt for the house is 7 per centum. What is the jutting net present value of the new undertaking? A. $ 1. 467. 38 B. $ 2. 360. 46 c. $ 2. 783. 50 d. $ 3. 904. 59 e. $ 3. 561. 58 24. The Warren Co. has a capital construction which is based on 20 percent debt. 35 per centum preferable stock. and 45 per centum common stock. The floatation costs are 9 per centum for common stock. 10 per centum for preferable stock. and 5 per centum for debt. The corporate revenue enhancement rate is 34 per centum. What is the leaden mean floatation cost? a. 6. 79 per centum B. 7. 55 per centum c. 8. 21 per centum D. 8. 55 per centum e. 9. 05 percent Average floatation cost = ( . 45 = 8. 55 per centum. 09 ) + ( . 35. 10 ) + ( . 20. 05 ) = . 0405 + . 035 + . 01 = . 0855 25. Harmon. Inc. has a debt-equity ratio of. 80. The house is analysing a new undertaking which requires an initial hard currency spending of $ 300. 000 for new equipment. The floatation cost for new equity is 9 per centum and for debt 4. 5 per centum. What is the initial cost of the undertaking including the floatation costs? a. $ 317. 125 B. $ 320. 856 c. $ 321. 000 D. $ 322. 581 e. $ 325. 912

Platos The Phaedo Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato

Plato's The Phaedo The main theme behind the Phaedo is Socrates readiness and willingness to die, because of his belief of immortality. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, that his soul would leave and join that of the forms, where he would be eternally. Socrates believed so strongly in this, that not only did he not fear his death, he welcomed it. He believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates life long goal of discovering the truth. Even at his hour of death, Socrates showed no hesitation. However, Socrates friends did not believe so strongly, and took some great convincing by Socrates, to allow his friends to be okay with his death. The two proofs that Socrates used to convince his friends are the Doctrine of Opposites and the simple and composite theory. The first proof, the Doctrine of Opposites, is the type of proof that uses a sequence of factual statements the lead from to another to prove that one thing is the same as another thing. The Doctrine of Opposites uses simple references to allow the reader to easily comprehend and follow the steps of the logical process. For example, hot comes from cold. An object could not possibly be hot if it was never heated up from the state of being cold. The same holds true for the reverse of this analogy. If cold object must have at one point been cooled down from a state of being hot. Since hot and cold are opposites, this simple statement proves that things come from there opposite. Also by using this example, Socrates is trying to imply the idea of eternal existence. He is saying that cold doesnt come from thin air. It had to have come from some previous existence in some other form, which in this case would be hot. Another example that he uses is the asleep and awake analogy. One would hav e to agree that a person could be only one or the other. If you are not sleeping, then you are awake and if you are not awake then you have to be asleep. This example further proves that you can only be one of something or the other, its opposite, but you must be one of them. Sleep can not come from thin air, and neither can being awake. A person must physically be one before that person can become the other. Then Socrates ventures to say that if you are not alive then you are dead. This idea works because to prove the theory of immortality because according to the previous two statements, life must come from its opposite, which is death. So therefore there must be a form of being dead, which we are to assume is the freed soul. This appears to be a valid proof until one of Socrates friends, Cebes, brings up a counter point. He said that there is a process of becoming hot or cold and there is a process of going to sleep and waking up. Then Cebes states, that there is no process to dy ing or becoming alive. There is no point in between, where a person has a partial soul, either on its way in or on its way out. At this points Socrates abandons this theory and brings out his second point. Socrates second attempt to prove the immortality of the soul is based on the simple and composite theory. This proof relies on the assumption that everyone believes that a human is made of a soul and a body. This proof separates all things into to categories, the simple and the composite. Those that belong to the simple category have no parts, are indestructible, and are invisible. The composite category is composed of things that have parts, are visible, and are destructible. Socrates says that when a person dies, he separates into a body and into a soul. What once was a composite are not a simple, the soul, and a composite, the body. He then argues that because the soul is a simple, and that makes it indestructible. And since