The Peroxide In Fatty Acid Biology Essay

The Peroxide In roly-poly Acid Biology EssayOils or fats including edible crude are in great demand general as the principal materials for foods, cooking and so forth, therefore, a determination of the degree of oxidation or deterioration of inuncts or fats is a daily requirement from the pedestal of hygiene and sanitation, tastes and odors of foods manufactured or cooked.The bleach prise is a time of those substances in sample, expressed in terms of millie-equivalents of active oxygen per kilogram which oxidate potassium iodide under condition of the test. High bleach determine are a definite indication of a rancid fat, but moderate think ofs may be the go of depletion of peroxides after reaching high submergings.ProceduresInto the 250mL flask, the sunflower anele is weighted to the nearest 0.1 mg, 5.000.05g.30mL of acetic acid-chloroform resolving is added.The flask is swirled until sunflower vegetable crude is dissolved in the solution.0.5mL of saturated potassium iodide is added with a graduated pipette.The solution is swirled for 1 minute and 30mL of distilled water is added. For freshly produced oils, a few drops of starch solution are added.0.01 N sodium thiosulphate solution is titrated is added gradu all toldy and with constant and vigorous shaking. The titration is continued, the flask is shake vigorously near the end point to liberate all the iodine from the chloroform layers.The thiosulphate solution is added drop wise until the blue excuse just disappears.For sunflower oil with high peroxides, 0.01 N is titrated until the yellow iodine color has al almost disappeared. 0.5mL of starch indicator is added and continues until the blue color just disappears.Blank test in parallel with determination is carried out. The blank titration must not authorise 0.1mL of the 0.01 n sodium thiosulphate.Step 1 to 9 is repeated by using the canola oil.ResultsWeight of canola oil and sunflower oil = 0.22gInitial reading closing readingSunflower oil 77.883.6Canola oil74.877.8Peroxide value of sunflower oil = N - (Vs -Vb) - 1000W=0.01- (83.6-77.8) - 10000.22= 263.64Peroxide value of canola oil = 0.01 - (77.8-74.8) - 10000.22=136.36DiscussionIn chemistry, fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with long hydrocarbon chain. It is also any of a large group of monobasic acids, particularly those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils, it also plays roles outside the body. Furthermore, it has a general formula of CnH2n+1COOH. When it is not attached to other molecule, it is called free fatty acid. Fatty acid is essential as a source of fuel because of its metabolism yield large quantities of ATP. Characteristically made up of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic compounds with an even number of carbon atoms, this group of acids includes palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. One of many molecules that are long chains of lipid-carboxylic acid found infatsand oils and in cellular telephone membranes as a component of phospholipids and glycol ipids.Peroxide is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond. The simplest stable peroxide is hydrogen peroxide. The O-O group is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to oxide ion, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion select an oxidation state of -1. Peroxide can be classified into organic and inorganic whereas the inorganic peroxides have an ionic, salt-like character. The organic peroxides are dominated by the covalent bonds. The oxygen-oxygenchemical bond of peroxide is unstable and easily split into reactiveradicalsvia hemolytic cleavage.Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil expressed from sunflower seeds. Sunflower oil is commonly used infoodas frying oil, and in cosmeticformulations as anemollient. Canola oil is made at a processing facility by crushing the rapeseed. Canola is a key ingredient in many foods. Its reputation as a healthy oil has created high demand in markets around the world. Canola oil has many non-food uses, and often replaces non-r enewable resources in products including candles, lipsticks, newspaper inks, industrial lubricants and biofuels. The average density of canola oil is 0.92g/ml.Theperoxide valueof an oil and fatis used as a measurement of the extent to which rancidity reactions have occurred during storage. Other methods are available but peroxide value is the most widely used. Thedouble bonds found in fats and oils play a role inautoxidation. Oils with a higher degree ofunsaturationare most susceptible to autoxidation. The best test for autoxidation (oxidative rancidity) is the determination of the peroxide value.Peroxidesare intermediates in the autoxidation reaction. Autoxidation is afree radical reactioninvolvingoxygen that leads to deterioration of fats and oils which forms off-flavors and off-odors. Peroxide value, concentration of peroxide in an oil or fat, is useful for assessing the extent to which spoilage has advanced. The peroxide value is the number that expresses in milliequivalents of active oxygen the quantity of peroxide contained in 1000 g of the substance. Peroxide Value is one of the most widely used tests for oxidative rancidity in oils and fats, peroxide value is a measure of the concentration of peroxides and hydroperoxides formed in the initial stages of lipid oxidation. Milliequivalents of peroxide per kg of fat are measured by titration with iodide ion. Peroxide values are non motionless and special care must be taken in handling and testing samples. It is difficult to provide a specific guideline relating peroxide value to rancidity. High peroxide values are a definite indication of a rancid fat, but moderate values may be the result of depletion of peroxides after reaching high concentrations. Therefore the peroxide value of canola oil is lower than sunflower oil.Precaution stepThere are several forethought steps that must be considered in this experiment. Firstly, our eyes must be perpendicular to the scale of instrument when recording the value t o avoid parallel faulting occurs. Secondly, we must also avoid or minimize the zero error existed in the experiment. Thirdly, during the titration, we must add the sodium thiosulphate gradually or drop by drop, with constant and shake it vigorously to avoid inaccurate value taken. Besides that, we must avoid solution being oxidized or carbon dioxide carbonic acid gas being dissolved in the solution because it will affect the actual result.ConclusionThe peroxide value of sunflower oil is 263.64 while the peroxide value of canola oil is 136.36.

The mission of the Allianz Group

The mission of the Allianz GroupCompanys overviewAllianz Group is peer little of the worlds leaders providing indemnification and financial services. Allianz SE, the holding company is at the top of the internationalist assemblage with its head office in Munich. Allianz was founded in Berlin, Germany in 1980 (Allianz, 2010).With approximately 152,000 employees worldwide, the Allianz Group serves approximately 75 million customers in about 70 countries. On the amends side, Allianz is the market leader in the Germany market and has a strong international presence (Allianz, 2010).Allianz has more than 100 years of eventful history. Though Germanys defeat in World War I restricted Allianzs international business, but Allianz slowly ventured outside Germany to other European markets (Allianz, 2010).In the era of National Socialism in post 1933 Nazi Germany, Allianz conformed to the norms of the era. After suffering some business problems during World War II, Allianz started to rebui ld post 1945. Starting from the 1950s throughout 60s, 70s and 80s Allianz started to get international by spreading its activities to many countries in Europe and Americas. Allianz began to venture the Asian markets from the 1990s (Allianz, 2010).Allianz Group also expanded its asset management business. Today, Allianz Group is one of the worlds leading financial service providers (Allianz, 2010).The mission of AllianzThe mission of Allianz is to achieve sustainable growth of our competitive strength and values. In order to achieve this mission, they implemented a series of measures which characterize as 3+one program. They have an overall 3+1 programProtecting and enhancing the capital base.Substantially strengthening the operational profitability.Reducing complexity.+One Increase sustainable competitiveness and value.The organization structure of AllianzBoard of ManagementSupervisory Board global Executive CommitteeInternational Advisory Board and Joint Advisory CouncilEmployeesT he organization culture of AllianzAllianz Group culture combines German characteristic and international flair. In Munich, a lot of linguistic process will be using by the people when they talking to each other such as French, German, English, Italian, Chinese and etc. However Allianz values topical anaesthetic cultures and markets situation does not dictate a one size all fit solution for the individual location. That why Allianz has defined a strategy mannikin to guiding standards. So that Allianz Group in the worldwide can adopt the cultural and business requirement to specific regions (Allianz, 2010)The macro environment analysis cuss analysis is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. PEST is stand for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro environment. Political factors include government policies relating to the assiduity, tax policies, laws and regulations, deal out restrictions and tariffs etc. The economic facto rs relate to changes in the wider economy such as economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate etc. brotherly factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, changes in tastes and acquireing patterns etc. The technological factors relate to the exertion of fresh inventions and ideas such as RD activity, automation, engineering science incentives and the rate of technological change. It is an important tool to understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, authorization and direction for a business or organization (Thompson, 2002). Following be the different factors affecting the Allianz restitution in UK.PoliticalSome of these factors had a hot meeting to the travel, railway car and home insurance in the UK. The government travelers aw atomic number 18ness campaign has brought awareness to the public about the dangers of traveling uninsured h ighlighting the big-ticket(prenominal) costs of medical treatments abroad. The travel industry has supported and benefited from this as it increased their sales prospects.The minimum car insurance implemented by the government is third base party cover. This has a very good impact on the car insurance industry as this guarantees a sale on every car in the UK and because 76% of adult in the UK have a full driving license, all of them are potential customers (Birtles, 2002).Legal General data revealed that well-nigh critical illness cover claims are made by people under 40. (Speedy, 2004) This has been good news for age dedicated home and health vexation insurance companies as less cover claims means less liabilities. However, according to the Bank of England, the rising tax is slowing down the consumer spending. This has badly affected the substantial of the insurance industry as people had less money to spend on higher premiums or packages.EconomicIn todays world people are mo re work-orientated, so earning more again translating to larger disposable incomes allowing people to live comfortably take advantage of more expensive schemes in insurance such as taking fully-comprehensive cover rather than third-party (Speedy, 2004). some other economical fact is that we are currently at the boom stage of economic bicycle and so people are better off. This means that as stated above people are able to live more comfortably and on a general level are better able to afford things like food, shelter, clothing and health care. This translates to fewer illnesses which mean that insurance companies have less payout to make as less people fail ill (Speedy, 2004).Another important factor to notice about the general public in a boom phase of the economic cycle is that people are more likely to pay for products in the service industry. So things that they may have refrained from overdue to a lack of money like health insurance will be more welcome during a period of boo m so change magnitude revenue for insurers (Birtles, 2002).SocialIn todays golf-club there has been an increase in young drivers. They choose to insure on parents cars along with saving the money to buy their own cars. Young drivers aged between 17 and 25 also have a higher chance of being in an accident so they are more costly for an insurer to cover so insurers charge more. For this reason the increase in young drivers translates into larges revenues for insurance companies due to the larger premiums. (Birtles, 2002)Another change in todays society is the increase in the racing culture with large emphasis placed on driving faster and better sounding cars. Modified cars are a cheaper alternative to buying a sports car also increasing insurance costs (Speedy, 2004) .In comparison with 30 years ago the average person earns much more today translating to larger disposable incomes. This has leading to more people being able to afford min cars and so being insured on them giving mor e business to insurance companies (Speedy, 2004).TechnologyThe success of internet and an integrated information and communications technology system has allowed any business to increase sales and reduce transaction costs. The internet has completely changed the delivery service process. Today, internet is used to even bewray insurance policies. Internet proving to be one of the widely used distribution networks for selling insurance policies. Also internet is used for sending premium notices to form _or_ system of government holders through e-mails (Shinde, et al., 2008)Besides that, internet has a premium calculator which accurately displays the amount of premium month wise and the remaining balance. One just has to image the age, name of the insurance policy, the sum assured and whether there is an accident cover or not. By keying in this information, the entire premium amounts are shown within no time. This has helped the customer in a way so that they dont have to travel all the way to the branch to ascertain the amount of premium to be gainful (Shinde, et al., 2008)The international numberationAllianz operate almost in every continent. The regions are Eastern Europe, Central Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, Americas and Middle East Africa. Allianz is deeply rooted in their domestic market which is Western, Northern Southern Europe. Western Europe is the home of Allianz. (Allianz, 2010)When Allianz wants doing an international business, Allianz will consider the human resource, financial and legal requirement into crabby country. Allianz start a new venture in China, financial will incurred in that China will lower than having a new venture in Europe. Furthermore Allianz can get a large human resource in China. This is because the population in China is very large. Allianz also can just cost. The wage pay to the labor is lower and produced the production in a lower cost (Allianz, 2010).When a company intend to going international, they will conside r the macroeconomic that will affect in their business. Before enter to a new country or new venture. They will do a interrogation about the external environment of that country or region first and then only decide whether to start the new venture into that country or not. While Allianz also does the something. The macro environment that consider to the company are political or legal condition, economic condition, social issue environment and technology. Those are significant to evaluate a country before doing an international business (Allianz, 2010).There are some(prenominal) methods of going international when a company intends to go international. The company can go international based on export based, non- lawfulness based and equity based. For Allianz which a company just provide services, it use equity based method to going international which include joint ventures and foreign direct investment (FDI). The first company or office that Allianz venture in is in London with op en a subsidiary company (Allianz, 2010).Allianz officially ventured into Malaysia in 2001when it became the controlling shareholder of Allianz General Insurance Malaysia Berhad (AGIM). In 2007, the general insurance business of AGIM was transferred to its wholly owned subsidiary, AGIC. Following the completion of the transfer of general insurance business, AGIM changed its name to AMB and became an investment holding company (Allianz, 2010).There are several issues that faced Allianz in Malaysia. One of the issues that face in Allianz currently is the managing climate change risk. Managing climate change risk is one of the biggest challenges the financial services industry is facing today with several impact on the insurance industry. In the past 30 years, claims payments to the victims of great natural catastrophes have increased 15 spate to approx. 30 billion Euros (approximately RM120 billion). Allianz settles 40% of industrial insurance claims are due to natural catastrophes (A llianz, 2010)To manage climate change risks, Loeffler (2010) recognize climate change as a matter of great strategic consequence for Allianz. Allianz need to assess together with their clients on how to mitigate the risks. At the same time the challenges for Allianz is to adapt to the impact of climate change and to safeguard insurability of risk in future. In 2007, Allianz established Allianz Climate Solutions as a subsidiary with the explicit aim to develop new products and identify investment trends related to climate change.The insurance business needs to act as an early warning system and help business and society understand the new risks. There are several ways to prepare for the effects of climate change. Providing risk coverage for emerging technologies for example plays an important social occasion in their future development. Securing the insurability of risks is essential for economies to be able to operate (Loeffler, 2010)The growth of businessNew ventureConclusion

A Land Rembered by Patrick D. Smith Essay -- essays research papers

The novel, A Land Remembered, is the epic saga of three generations of MacIveys. The novel begins with a flash back, from the pass generation MacIvey, Sol. Sol was a real estate tycoon in Miami and the surrounding areas. He has chosen to give up his life in Miami to live(a) his last hours in the cabin in Punta Rassa , Florida the cabin his grandfather had built. Thus, the three generations of MacIveys in Florida ends.The first generation of MacIveys consisted of the father and husband, Tobias, the mother and wife, Emma, and their young son, Zech. The family had decided to relief valve the pressures of the Civil War in their native Georgia, and move to the scrub of Northern Florida. The MacIveys experience many troubles and learn many new things during their deposit in the scrub, much(prenominal) as meeting Indians, that will turn out to influence their life greatly. Other experiences included Tobias being recruited by Marshall Adler to drive kine to the partner troops and also being recruited to chop trees to build walls of defense for the confederate forces. During the excursion to chop down trees, confederate deserters raided Emma and Zech and burned down their house. Tobias and Emma made the finis that the war was getting to close to the scrub, and that moving South would be a good idea. The MacIvey clan packed up their wagon and headed south along the St. washbowls and Kissimmee rivers and settled in a hammock along the Kissimmee river.In Kissimmee is where Tobias begins his empire that turns the family into unitary of the wealthiest families in Florida. In the swamps of Florida, wild cows live and Tobias tries his best(p) to capture these cows and make a drive, but without horses and dogs, Tobias makes little headway in his project. In the woods one day, Skillet, a freed slave, was found. Skillet agreed to stay on with the MacIveys and help them start their empire. Dogs and a marshtackie were given to the MacIveys by their Indian friends they he lped in the scrub. The MacIveys now popped cows out of the swamp and their first drive to Punta Rassa stop in a disaster with all the cows being lost to a great flood. The determined MacIveys never looked back and gathered another hear and the whole clan drove the cows to Punta Rassa. In Punta Rassa, the cows were sold for fifteen dollars a head and the MacIvey empire begins. Also on this first trip, Hendry, the cattle buyer,... ... they too can experience the life of a Florida Cracker turned millionaire family of Florida.Throughout all three generations of MacIveys, all of the MacIvey men lose a cleaning woman who is so close to them and all of them realize once they are gone, that they didnt do enough for their loved one, when they easily could have. Tobias had three trunks full of Spanish gold, and all he did for Emma was buy her a cook stove. Zech had even more trunks of Spanish gold, and he never took Glenda on the trips to the far away places she treasured to go. Sol had a multimillion acre vegetable business and owned half of Miami, and he never married Bonnie, yet, when he lost her, he missed her like his wife. I believe that Smith is trying to make us realize that you shouldnt take for granted what you have, when they do so much for you. These lessons are ageless, and can be applied to todays society as well as to the first ever society. A Land Remembered is a novel that truly is the substitution class of a saga, that spans the trials and tribulations of three generations of the MacIvey family as they enter Florida as a family destined to start a better life and die out as one of the wealthiest families in Florida.

Sex Education in Schools: Abstinence-Only Programs Essay -- argumentati

Sex direction in Schools Abstinence-Only Programs Teenage sexual activity is a major task confronting the nation and has led to a rising incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and teenage pregnancy. The existence of HIV/AIDS has given a sense of need to the topic of sex upbringing. The issue of sex education in schooltimes especially in the formative years has been a subject of intense debate among parents, school officials, health scientists and religious authorities worldwide for a considerable period of time. The debate centers on comprehensive sex education versus frugality-only sex education in school. Abstinence only sex education is a sex education model t assume focuses on the virtue of abstention from sexual activities therefore, encouraging sexual abstinence until marriage. This form of sexual education completely ignores all other elements of comprehensive sexual education like safe sex and reproductive health education issues like the use of contra ceptives and birth control methods. Comprehensive sex teaching encourages promiscuous sexual activity as a natural part of life. Proponents of abstinence only education activists cite several reasons why this type of education is the best. It focuses on the upholding of moral virtues. They also claim that sex outside marriage hat is encouraged by the comprehensive sex education which as a result, has some emotional and physical downfall especially when done at a very young age. They blame the comprehensive sex education for failing to discourage premarital sex especially at this time when the HIV pandemic is busy devouring young people in various parts of the world (Deborah 2). In fairness, both programs were designed to decrease the incidence of STDs... ...u, Denmark, Durban Macmillan, 2004. Print.Miller, Becky. Sex Education Why Teach Abstinence Only? Opinion and Editorial, AC, 21 June 2006. Web. 29 Nov 2009.Roger, J. R. Sexuality education what adolescents rights require. North Carolina Levesque. 2003. Print.Robert T. F.et al. Sexuality in America understanding our sexual values and behavior. New York Willey, 1999. Print.The Abstinence Clearinghouse. Most parents Advocate Abstinence Education for Their Children. At Issue Sex Education. Ed. Kristen Bailey. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Baltimore County Public Library. Web. 11 Nov 2009Zanis, D. A. social occasion of sexual abstinence only curriculum with sexually active youths. Children & Schools 27.1 (2005) 59-63. Print.

Oedipus Rex †a Christ Figure Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus Rex a Christ Figure Sophocles famous tragedy, Oedipus Rex, perhaps the most meaning(a) and influential drama ever written (Sophocles 717), presents in the person of Oedipus the model of a good ruler, a humanely in regulateigent and vigorously active leader, a man who earlier saved his adopted city Thebes from disaster. Is Oedipus an alter Christus besides? The numerous parallels between the figure of the king Oedipus and the figure of Christ in the Scriptures prompts the referee to ask the above question. For example, in the opening lines of the drama, Oedipus greets the crowd of suppliants (including old men, boys and children) waiting at his palace doors with the words My children, latest born to Cadmus old, /Why sit ye present as suppliants, in your hands /Branches of olive filleted with wool? Later, the kings second address to the crowd begins Ah my poor children, known, ah, known too well,/The quest that brings you hither and your need. Other addresses to the people on the part of the king refer to them as children. There are many parallels to this in the Bible when Jesus addressed the people. In the gospel of Matthew alone, the word children is used 20 times, for example 39 . . .and do not presume to say to yourselves, We have Abraham as our father for I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham. Jesus also said in Matthew 183 Truly, I say to you, unless you turn and become comparable children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. In the same book (2337) Jesus said, O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, killing the prophets and stoning those who are sent to you How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her b... ...says I thank my God through Jesus Christ, thus associating the two very closely. consequently it is seen that there are many parallels between Sophocles drama, Oedipus Rex, in its treatment of the king, and the Bible with its treatment of Jesus, even though the latter w as written some 400 old age later than the former. WORKS CITED Oedipus the King. Tranlsted by Stephen Berg and Diskin Clay. In Literature of the Western World, redact by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984. Sophocles In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi

Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family Essay -- Abortion Pregn

Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continuously argued over for the foregone few years and probably for many more years to come. Women who are making the decision are effected emotionally, mentally, and physically since their bodies are going by means of many changes which it is not accustomed to. The main controversy is, whos right is it to abort? Many will argue and say it is the womans right to chose what she does with her own body, but what virtually the fathers right? The mans involvement in the stillbirth decision is not about the womans choice, it is about his own responsibility to her and the churl (Arthur 1999). There are two sides to this abortion topic the pro-life, which is those who are against abortion altogether, and the pro-choice, or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to the problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with him/her. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. When maternity is unwanted women perceive the choice of abortion as the least of three evils abortion, adoption, or keeping the child (Smith, 2000). Pregnancy changes a womans life, regardless of whether or not it ends in abortion. The woman making the abortion decision looks at a variety of relationships to help her make the decision. Often, she will discuss her options with a physician or counselor. If she does decide to get an abortion, there are many factors she will have to face. According to an article in Business 2.0, written by David Shribman (2000), women who have had abortions are at greater risk of woefulness emotional and psychological problems which may interfere with their ability to concentrate, make decisions, and interact with others. As a result, it reduces the womans level of job skills and employment opportunities. Post-abortion women are more possible to engage in drug and alcohol abuse, often as a result of the guilt and negative feelings held inside of them after the abortion. This may pr howevert them from incoming other meaningful relationships. They are credibly to become pregnant again and undergo additional abortions and are more likely to neer marry, more likely divorce, and m... ... Legal abortion may help parents limit their families to the number of children they want and can afford, both financially and emotionally. Many unwanted babies are abused, neglected, or even killed by uncaring or immature parents (Smith 2000). There is a lack of babies up for adoption because abortion is legal. Perhaps if abortion was illegal, women could go ahead with the pregnancy and then give the baby up for adoption. Abortion is a significant issue in society that has a lot of conflicts. There is still no conclusion because one can see this problem from many different perspectives. If a person supports a pro-life or pro-choice group, they cannot judge objectively if the other group has a different way of thinking. Society cannot judge pro-life activists as a group who have no respect for a womans right. On the other hand, one cannot say that pro-choice is a better group because they are more aware of human needs. Society will never understand the feelings of a woman who has had an abortion unless they are in her place. To solve this problem, society needs to spend some time to think carefully and to enumerate both sides of the issue to make the best decision possible.

The influence of ancient Indian philosophy Essay -- History, Classica

Think mere India, and one instantly conjures images of an exotic land change with mysticism and rich in lore. Now think Classical Indian politics and the first supposition that comes to mind, the infamous class system. To better understand the caste system, one must know that upon its initial introduction the caste system was foreign to Classical India. It was in actuality the political system ordained by the noncitizen Aryans, Indo-European nomads who would settle in and later integrate with Classical India through the conquering of its eastern and southern regions, soon going on to establish a stable and partially unified administration and spreading its influence across all of Classical India (Bentley & Ziegler 76-77). When the caste system, eventually renamed the varna color system by the Aryans, was definitively widespread among Classical India it provided a very detailed social hierarchy amongst the Indian and Aryan peoples which included well defined classes and roles for t he people, and etiquettes regarding their respective class and role (Bentley & Ziegler 76-78). The question surmised from this stage setting is how was it that such a discriminate system, which assigned semi-permanent unequal classes, justified? The answer lies within the philosophy practiced by Classical India itself. From sacred text, such as The Vedas and Upanishads, political declarations from the ruler, such as the Edicts of Asoka, and Hindu text, such as The Laws of Manu and The Bhavagad-Gita. Classical Indian Philosophy helped to justify and enforce the varna caste system by explaining and defining the roles of the people, exaggerating the enormousness of dharma, karma and moksha in relation to their roles, and eventually dictating how one should act i... ...ds, or even the dictations presented in the Laws of Manu, these philosophies all helped to promote the nonions of the role of the people in society, the duties one had to match and the reasons for doing so, and the a ctions one should perform in regularity. By constantly retelling and reinforcing these concepts into the minds of the people, the philosophy was able to embed itself into the mindset of every person in Classical India. By winning away the choice of whether or not to listen to these philosophies, via repeated teachings that one had to follow dharma to find happiness, it was ensured that total dominion over a state, whether or not the subjects were aware, was possible. Humans can learn one very important lesson from Classical India, that with enough pre-programming any will could be forced upon a person, any thought inputted with resounding positivity.